Nonuniform stability of arbitrary difference equations (Q511829)

The article deals with stability properties of a linear difference equation \[ x(n + 1) = \sum_{k=0}^n A(n,k)x(k), \quad n \geq 0, \] where each \(A(n,k)\) is a bounded linear operator in a Banach space \(X\). In the simplest case \[ A(n,k) = \begin{cases} 0 & \text{if } k = 0,\dots,n - 1, \\ A_n & \text{if } k = n,\end{cases} \] the equation is nonuniformly exponentially stable if there exist constants \(D,\lambda,\varepsilon > 0\) such that \[ \|S(n,k)\| \leq De^{\lambda(n-k)+\varepsilon k}, \quad n \geq k \geq 0; \] here \(S(n,k) = A_{n-1}A_{n-2} \ldots A_k\); a similar definition is given for the general case. First, the authors obtain usual exponential stability under the assumption \(A(n,k) = 0\) for \(n > k - r\) and the invertibility of the operator \(R:\;\ell_\infty(X) \to \ell_\infty(X)\): \[ R{\mathbf x} = \bigg(x(n) - \sum_{k=0}^{n-1} A(n - 1,k)x(k)\bigg), \qquad {\mathbf x} = (x(1),x(2),\ldots,x(n),\ldots). \] The main results are two theorems about the robustness of the exponential stability property; the authors consider cases when the property of exponential stability, under small perturbation, can pass of the property of nonuniform exponential stability.