Nonlinear Dirichlet problems with double resonance (Q523839)

The authors investigate the following nonlinear nonhomogeneous Dirichlet problem \[ -\Delta_p u(z)-\Delta u(z)=f(z,u(z)) \;\mathrm{in} \;\;\Omega, \;\;u|_{\partial\Omega}=0, \] where \(2<p<\infty\), \(\Omega\subset\mathbb{R}^N\) is a bounded domain with a \(C^2\)-boundary \(\partial\Omega\). The reaction \(f:\Omega\times\mathbb{R}\rightarrow\mathbb{R}\) is a Caratheodory function which at \(\pm\infty\) is resonant with respect to the spectrum of \((-\Delta_p, W_0^{1,p}(\Omega))\), and at zero is resonant with respect to the spectrum of \((-\Delta, H_0^{1}(\Omega))\) (double resonance). When there is no differentiability assumption on \(f(z,u)\), the authors consider the positive and the negative truncations of the energy functional. Working with them and using variational methods, they produce a smallest positive solution and a biggest negative solution. Using critical groups they find a nodal solution. When \(f(z,u)\) is continuous differential, the second nodal solution is obtained by a careful calculation of the critical groups.