Some properties of topological groups related to compactness (Q2400857)

In this article, the author focuses on providing answers to four problems stated in [\textit{A. Arhangel'skii} and \textit{M. Tkachenko}, Topological groups and related structures. Hackensack, NJ: World Scientific; Paris: Atlantis Press (2008; Zbl 1323.22001)], namely: Problem 1.4.1: Let \(G\) be a zero-dimensional topological group with the neutral element \(e\). Must the space \(G_e:=G\setminus\{e\}\) be homeomorphic to a topological group? Problem 1.4.2: Is it true that any ``punctured'' topological group, that is, a topological group without the neutral element, has an infinite closed separable homogeneous subspace? Problem 1.5.1: Characterize (or find the typical properties of) compact spaces that can be represented as quotients of topological groups with respect to closed metrizable subgroups. Problem 4.7.8: Suppose that a topological group \(G\) has a Hausdorff compactification \(bX\) of countable dyadicity index. Is \(G\) metrizable? The author first solves Problem 1.4.1 using the following counterexample: For \(\tau \geq \aleph_1\), consider the compact group \(G = D^{\tau}\) with \(D\) being the discrete two-point group. Then \(\dim G =0\) and \(G \setminus \{e\}\) is not homeomorphic to a topological group. With the results in Theorem 3.9: Let \(G\) be an infinite topological group. Then the space \(G \setminus \{e\}\) contains an infinite, closed in \(G\), separable subspace \(X\) homeomorphic to a topological group, the author solves Problem 1.4.2. The author's Theorem 2.5 shows that the response to Problem 4.7.8 is ``no''. To solve Problem 1.5.1, the author formulates the following general problem: Problem 4.1: Let \(H\) be a closed subgroup of the topological group \(G\) and \(X\) be a non-empty compact subset of the quotient group \(G/H\). Under which conditions \(X\) is a Dugundji or a dyadic space? The author's discussion of Problem 4.1 in Section 4 provides an answer to Problem 1.5.1 and more.