On cyclotomic factors of polynomials related to modular forms (Q2631627)

In the paper the authors consider an infinite family of polynomials \((P_{n}(z))_{n\in\mathbb{N}}\) defined via the Taylor expansion \[ \prod_{m=1}^{\infty}(1-q^{m})^{-z}=\sum_{n=0}^{\infty}P_{n}(z)q^{n}. \] Here \(z\) is treated as a complex variable. The values of \(P_{n}(z)\) at integers have deep arithmetic meaning. In particular, the question of vanishing at negative integers of \(P_{m}(z)\) is of great interest. Indeed, if \(-z\in\mathbb{N}\), then the value \(P_{n}(z)\) is the \(n\)-th coefficient in the power series expansion of the \(-z\)-th power of the Euler product \(\prod_{m=1}^{\infty}(1-q^{m})\). The authors are interested in vanishing of \(P_{m}(z)\) at the roots of unity and as the main result prove that there is no pair of positive integers \((N,m)\) with \(N\geq 3\) such that \(\Phi_{N}(X)|P_{m}(X)\) (in the polynomial ring \(\mathbb{Z}[X]\)). Here, as usual, \(\Phi_{N}(X)\) denotes the \(N\)-th cyclotomic polynomial.