A valuative criterion for uniform K-stability of \(\mathbb{Q}\)-Fano varieties (Q2420208)

\(K\)-stability of Fano manifolds, and more generally \(\mathbb Q\)-Fano varieties, has been investigated by many authors in the last ten years, nevertheless it is still quite difficult to verify in practice if a Fano variety is \(K\)-stable. In this paper the author gives a criterion for (uniform) \(K\)-stability in terms of the birational geometry of \(X\). Let \(X\) be a \(\mathbb Q\)-Fano variety, that is a normal projective variety with klt singularities such that the anticanonical divisor \(-K_X\) is ample. A prime divisor \(F\) \textit{over} \(X\) is given by a projective birational morphism \(\sigma : Y \to X\) with \(Y\) a normal variety and \(F\) is a prime divisor on \(Y\). For a divisor \(F\) over a \(\mathbb Q\)-Fano variety \(X\) one defines the volume function \[ \operatorname{vol}_X(-K_X-xF):=\operatorname{vol}_Y(\sigma^*(-K_X)-xF) \] where \(\operatorname{vol}_Y(\bullet)\) is the usual volume of a divisor on \(Y\). The pseudoeffective threshold \(\tau(F)\) of \(F\) with respect to \(-K_X\) is then defined as \[ \tau(F):=\sup\{x\in\mathbb R_{>0}\,|\, \operatorname{vol}_X(-K_X-xF)>0\}. \] Denote by \(A_X(F)\) the log-discrepancy of the divisor \(F\), and set \[ \beta(F):=A_X(F)\cdot\operatorname{vol}_X(-K_X)-\int_0^{\tau(F)}\operatorname{vol}_X(-K_X-xF)dx \] \[ j(F):=\int_0^{\tau(F)}(\operatorname{vol}_X(-K_X)-\operatorname{vol}_X(-K_X-xF))dx. \] The author proves the following criterion: let \(X\) be a \(\mathbb Q\)-Fano variety. Then \(X\) is uniformly \(K\)-stable if and only if there exists a \(\delta \in ]0,1[\) such that \(\beta(F)\geq \delta\cdot j(F)\) holds for any prime divisor \(F\) over \(X\). The variety \(X\) is \(K\)-semistable if and only if \(\beta(F)\geq 0\) holds for any prime divisor \(F\) over \(X\). In fact, the criterion holds if one verifies the condition only for prime divisors \(F\) that are dreamy, i.e. for divisors \(F\) over \(X\) such that the graded algebra \[ \bigoplus_{k,j\in\mathbb Z_{\geq 0}}H^0(X, -krK_X-jF) \] is finitely generated for some \(r\in\mathbb Z_{>0}\) with \(-rK_X\) Cartier. With this terminology in mind, one can also state the criterion for strict \(K\)-stability: a \(\mathbb Q\)-Fano variety \(X\) is \(K\)-stable if and only if \(\beta(F)> 0\) holds for any \textit{dreamy} prime divisor \(F\) over \(X\). These criteria are based on the main result of the paper which relates the birational invariants with the Donaldson-Futaki invariant and the \(J\)-energy: let \(X\) be a \(\mathbb Q\)-Fano variety and \(\delta \in ]0,1[\). Then \(\beta(F)\geq \delta\cdot j(F)\) holds for any (dreamy) prime divisor \(F\) over \(X\) if and only if \[ \operatorname{DF}(\mathcal X, \mathcal L) \geq \delta \cdot J^{NA}(\mathcal X, \mathcal L) \] holds for any normal, ample test configuration \((\mathcal X, \mathcal L) /\mathbb A^1\).