Rational solutions of the Painlevé-III equation: large parameter asymptotics (Q2285750)

With this paper the authors continue their study on the asymptotic behavior of the rational solutions \(u_n(x ; m)\) of the third Painlevé equation \[ \frac{d^2 u}{d x^2}=\frac{1}{u} \left(\frac{d u}{d x}\right)^2 - \frac{1}{x} \frac{d u}{d x} + \frac{ 4(n+m) u^2 + 4 (n-m)}{x} +4 u^3 -\frac{4}{u}, \quad x\in\mathbb{C} \] when \(n \rightarrow + \infty\,(n\in\mathbb{Z}_{\geq 0})\) and \(m\in\mathbb{C}\) is fixed. They show that the rational solution \(u_n(\cdot; m)\) has no zeros or poles in the set \(n K\) for sufficiently large \(n\) where \(K\subset \mathbb{C} \backslash E\) for simply-connected eye-shaped set \(E\) in the \(y= n^{-1} x\) plane, containing the origin \(y=0\). The authors also develop an asymptotic formula for \(u_n(x ; m)\) when \(n^{-1} x \in E\) and \(m\in \mathbb{C} \backslash (\mathbb{Z} + \frac{1}{2})\). It turns out that in this case the rational solution \(u_n(x ; m)\) ``is locally approximated by a nonequilibrium elliptic function solution'' of a certain differential equation. They also illustrate by plots the infinite density at the origin and the dilution of the poles and zeros near the boundary of \(E\) when \(m\) is not a half-integer. In the case when \(m\) is a half-integer the authors show that all the poles and zeros of \(u_n(x ; m)\), excep for a simple pole and zero at the origin, accumulate along one or the other of the eyebrows (exterior boundary arcs of \(E\)) as \(n \rightarrow + \infty\).