On curvature of surfaces immersed in normed spaces (Q2187956)

Let \(\|.\|\) be a smooth strictly convex norm in \(\mathbb{R}^{3}\) not necessarily induced by an inner product. The norm \(\|.\|\) induces an orthogonality relation called Birkhoff orthogonality. A vector \(v \in \mathbb{R}^{3}\) is Birkhoff orthogonal to a plane \(P\) whenever \(\| v\| \leq \| v+w\|\) for all \(w \in P\). Given an orientable surface \(M\) in \(\mathbb{R}^{3}\), we can associate a vector field \(\eta\) along \(M\) such that for each \(x \in M\), \(\eta(x)\) is a unite vector Birkhoff orthogonal to the tangent plane \(T_{x} M\). If \(S=\{ x \in \mathbb{R}^{3}: \|x\| = 1\}\) then the map \(\eta:M \to S\) is called Birkhoff Gauss map which is a generalization of the usual Gauss map. The usual determinant in \(\mathbb{R}^{3}\) induces an area element in \(M\) as \(\omega (X,Y)=det(X,Y, \eta)\), for each \(X,Y \in TM\). The area of a bounded subset \(D\) is given by \(\lambda_{M}(D)=\int_{D} \omega\). Generalized Gaussian curvature and Generalized mean curvature are defined by \(\kappa (p)=\operatorname{det}(d\eta_{p})\) and \(H(p)= \frac{1}{2} \text{ trace } (d \eta_{p})\). Among other results, the authors give a characterization of the generalized Gaussian curvature in terms of surface areas. They generalize some theorems of the classical surface theory to surfaces in normed spaces.