A supersolutions perspective on hypercontractivity (Q2196678)

Let \((E,\mathcal{E},\mu)\) is a \(\sigma\)-finite measure space and \((P_s)_{s \geq 0}\) is a Markov semigroup generated by diffusion-type operator \(L\). It is assumed that \(L\) satisfies \textit{curvature condition} \(\Gamma_2(f,f) \geq c\Gamma(f,f)\), where \(\Gamma\), \(\Gamma_2\) are the \textit{carré du champ operator} and the \textit{curvature operator} given by \(\Gamma(f,g)=\frac{1}{2}(L(fg)-fLg-gLf)\) and \(\Gamma_2(f,g)=\frac{1}{2}(L\Gamma(f,g)-\Gamma(f,Lg)-\Gamma(g,Lf))\). The authors present an abstract argument which yields the \textit{closure property} \[ \partial_t u \geq Lu \Rightarrow \partial_t \widetilde{u} \geq L\widetilde{u}, \] where \(u : (0,\infty) \times \mathcal{E} \to (0,\infty)\) and \(\widetilde{u} : (0,\infty) \times \mathcal{E} \to (0,\infty)\) be given by \[ \widetilde{u}(t,x)^{1/q} = P_s[u(t,\cdot)^{1/p}](x). \] In the case of Ornstein-Uhlenbeck semigroup this closure property allows to prove that function \[ Q(t)=\int_{{\mathbb R}^d}\left( P_s(u(t,\cdot)^{1/p}\right)^q (x)\mathrm{d}\gamma(x) \] is nondecreasing on \((0, \infty)\) for certain \(q,p,s\). This monotonicity generates Nelson's hypercontractivity inequality.