Satake compactification of analytic Drinfeld modular varieties (Q2212620)

Let \(F\) be any global function field of characteristic \(p>0\) and fix a place \(\infty\) of \(F\). We define \(A\) to be the set of elements in \(F\) regular away from \(\infty\) and for any \(a\in A\), we set \(\deg(a):=\dim_{\mathbb{F}_p}(A/(a))\). Moreover we let \(E\) to be the completion of \(F\) at \(\infty\) and \(C\) to be the completion of an algebraic closure of \(E\). Let \(S\) be any scheme over \(F\) and \(V\) be a line bundle over a field \(K\) of characteristic \(p\). We set \(\tau:V\to V^p\) to be the Frobenius homomorphism given by \(\tau(x)=x^p\) for all \(x\in V\). \textit{A Drinfeld \(A\)-module of rank \(r\) over \(S\)} is a tuple \((V,\varphi)\) consisting of a line bundle \(V\) over \(S\) and a ring homomorphism \(\varphi:A\to \mathrm{End}(V)\) given by \[ \varphi_a:=\varphi(a)=\sum_{i=0}^{r\deg(a)}\varphi_{a,i}\tau^i, \] where \(\varphi_{a,i}\) is an element in the one dimensional \(K\)-vector space \(\Gamma(\mathrm{Spec}(K),V^{1-p^i})\) of sections, \(\varphi_{a,r\deg(a)}\neq 0\) and \(\varphi_{a,0}\) is the image of \(a\) under the structure map \(A\to \Gamma(S,\mathcal{O}_S)\). \textit{An isomorphism} of Drinfeld \(A\)-modules is an isomorphism of line bundles which is equivariant with respect to the \(A\)-action described above. (see Section 7 of the present paper and Section 3 of \textit{R. Pink} [Manuscr. Math. 140, No. 3--4, 333--361 (2013; Zbl 1329.11044)] for further details). Let \(I\) be a proper ideal of \(A\) and \(W\) be a free \(A/I\)-module of rank \(r\). We define \(\underline{W}\) to be the constant group scheme over \(S\) with fibers \(W\). \textit{A level \(I\)-structure on \((V,\varphi)\)} is an isomorphism \(\lambda:\underline{W}\to \cap_{a\in I}\mathrm{Ker}(\varphi_a)\) of group schemes. By \textit{V. Drinfeld} [Elliptic modules, Mat. Sb. (N.S.), 94(136), 594--627 (1974)], we know that the functor associating any scheme \(S\) over \(F\) to the set of isomorphism classes of Drinfeld \(A\)-modules of rank \(r\) over \(S\) with level \(I\) structure may be represented by an irreducible smooth affine variety \(X_{I}^r\) of dimension \(r-1\) over \(F\) which is non-compact if \(r\geq 2\). Drinfeld also gave a recipe for the analytic construction of \(X_{I}^r(C)\) as follows: Let \(\Lambda\) be a non-zero finitely generated projective \(A\)-module, We define \(\Lambda_{C}:=\Lambda\otimes_{A}C\) and \(\Lambda_{E}:=\Lambda\otimes_{A}E\). We set \(\mathbb{P}_{\Lambda_{C}^*}^{\text{rig}}:=(\mathrm{Hom}_{C}(\Lambda_{C},C)\setminus\{0\})/C^{\times}\) which has a natural structure of projective rigid analytic variety over \(C\). Then we define the \(\mathrm{PGL}(\Lambda_{E})\)-invariant set \(\Omega_{\Lambda_{E}}\) by \[ \Omega_{\Lambda}:=\{\ell:\Lambda_{C}\to C\ \ |\ell \text{ is \(C\)-linear and } \mathrm{Ker}(\ell)\cap \Lambda_{E}=0 \}\subset \mathbb{P}_{\Lambda_{C}^*}^{\text{rig}}. \] We also consider a subgroup \(\Gamma\subset \mathrm{Aut}_{A}(\Lambda)\) containing the kernel \(\Gamma(J)\) of the map \(\mathrm{Aut}_{A}(\Lambda)\to \mathrm{Aut}_{A}(\Lambda/J\Lambda)\) for some non-zero ideal \(J\) of \(A\). Such a subgroup \(\Gamma\) is called \textit{a congruence subgroup}. Then we have that the quotient \[ \Omega_\Gamma:=\Gamma \setminus \Omega_{\Lambda} \] is a rigid analytic variety over \(C\) which we call \textit{a Drinfeld modular variety}, and moreover if \(\mathrm{rank}_{A}(\Lambda)=r\) and \(\Gamma=\Gamma(I)\), then it is isomorphic to an irreducible component of the rigid analytic variety associated to \(X_{I}^r(C)\). One of the main results (Theorem 1.1) of this article, whose proof takes place in Section 9, is to construct the analytic Satake compactification \(\Omega_\Gamma^{*}\) of \(\Omega_\Gamma\) which is a Grothendieck ringed space having an ample invertible structure sheaf so that its global sections correspond to the \(C\)-vector space \(\mathcal{M}_\Gamma(k)\) of Drinfeld modular forms of weight \(k\in \mathbb{Z}_{\geq 0}\) (see Section 5.4 and Section 9 for the coordinate-free description of Drinfeld modular forms). This also allows the author to show the finite dimensionality of \(\mathcal{M}_\Gamma(k)\) over \(C\) (Theorem 1.1(iv)). Through the process of proving Theorem 1.1, the author also points out that his result generalizes the work of \textit{M. M. Kapranov} [Math. USSR, Izv. 30, No. 3, 533--547 (1988; Zbl 0664.14025); translation from Izv. Akad. Nauk SSSR, Ser. Mat. 51, No. 3, 568--583 (1987)] who introduced the Satake compactification of Drinfeld modular varieties analytically when \(A\) is chosen to be a polynomial ring. Furthermore, in Section 7, the author compares the analytic compactification of \(\Omega_\Gamma\) he constructed in Section 6, with the algebraic Satake compactification of a Drinfeld modular variety introduced by \textit{R. Pink} [Manuscr. Math. 140, No. 3--4, 333--361 (2013; Zbl 1329.11044)] and state the natural isomorphism between them in Theorem 1.6 whose proof appears in Section 8 and Section 9.