Bounded \(C_0\)-semigroups and applications to linear stability of heteroclinic solutions in precipitation models (Q1995912)

Let \(\mathbb H\) be a Hilbert space and \(A:\operatorname{dom}(A)\subseteq\mathbb H\to\mathbb H\) be the generator of a \(C_0\)-semigroup \(T(t)\). Suppose that we have the decomposition \(A=ES\), where \(E\) and \(S\) are densely defined operators. Assume that \(E=E^*\leq0\), \(\ker E=0\), \(S^*=S\geq0\), \(\dim\ker S<\infty\) and \(S|_{(\ker S)^\bot}\geq\alpha I_{(\ker S)^\bot}\). Then the space \(\mathbb V=\operatorname{dom}(-E)^{1/2}\cap \operatorname{dom} S^{1/2}\) with the norm \(\|h\|_{\mathbb V}^2=\|(-E)^{1/2}h\|^2+\|S^{1/2}h\|^2\) is invariant under the semigroup \(T(t)\). Moreover, \(T(t)|_{\mathbb V}\) is contractive on \(\mathbb V\). Consider a block-matrix generator under the form \[A_m=\begin{pmatrix} aG & -bG \\ \delta I & L\end{pmatrix}\] in a Hilbert space \(H\times H\), where \(a,b,\delta>0\). Assume \(\operatorname{dom}(L)\subseteq \operatorname{dom}(G)\), \(G,L\) are self-adjoint, \(G\leq0\), \(\ker(G)=0\), \(aL+b\delta I\leq0\), and \(\dim\ker(aL+b\delta L)<\infty\). Then the semigroup \(\exp(t A_m)\) is bounded on the space \(\mathbb V=\operatorname{dom}(-G)^{1/2}\times \operatorname{dom}(-L)^{1/2}\). An application to the stability of heteroclinic solution for the linearization of the system \[ \left\{ \begin{aligned} u_t &= au_{xx}-bv_{xx}\\ v_t &= v_{xx}+\delta u+g(v) \end{aligned} \right. \] is given.