Rad-discrete modules (Q2657854)

For a module \(M\), consider the following conditions: \((D_{2})\) If \(N\leq M\) such that \(\frac{M}{N}\) is isomorphic to a direct summand of \(M\), then \(N\) is a direct summand of \(M\); \((D_{3})\) If \(N\) and \(K\) are direct summands of \(M\) such that \( M=N+K\), then \(N\cap K\) is a direct summand of \(M\); \((P^{\ast })\) For every submodule \(N\) of \(M\), there exists a direct summand \(N_{1}\) of \(M\), such that \(N_{1}\leq N\) and \(\frac{N}{N_{1}} \leq \mathrm{Rad}(\frac{M}{N_{1}})\). A module \(M\) is called \textit{lifting} (or a \(D_{1}\)-module) if, for every submodule \(N\) of \(M\), there exists a decomposition \(M=N_{1}\oplus L \), \(N_{1}\leq N\) and \(N\cap L\) is a small submodule of \(L\). Moreover, \(M\) is said to be \textit{discrete} (resp. \textit{quasi discrete}) if it is lifting and has the property \((D_{2})\) (resp. property \((D_{3})\)). Every lifting module has property \((P^{\ast }).\) It is shown that neither \((D_{2})\) or \((D_{3})\) implies \((P^{\ast })\) and also that \((D_{3})\) and \((P^{\ast })\) together do not imply \((D_{2}).\) This led to the following generalization of discrete modules: A module \(M\) is called \textit{ Rad-discrete} if it has \((P^{\ast })\) and \((D_{2})\), and it is called \textit{quasi-Rad-discrete} if it has properties \((P^{\ast })\) and \((D_{3})\). Various properties of these newly defined modules are determined.