A remark on the well-posedness of the modified KdV equation in the Fourier-Lebesgue spaces (Q2030805)

The aim of this paper is to study the Cauchy problem for the complex-valued modified Korteweg-de Vries equation (mKdV) on the one-dimensional torus \(\mathbb{T}=\mathbb{R}/(2\pi\mathbb{Z})\) : \[\partial_tu+\partial_x^3u=\pm|u|^2\partial_xu,\quad u|_{t=0}=u_0,\quad (t,x)\in\mathbb{R}\times\mathbb{T}.\] To study the complex-valued modified Korteweg-de Vries equation (mKdV) on the circle, the author first considers the real-valued setting and shows global well-posedness of the (usual) renormalized mKdV equation in the Fourier-Lebesgue spaces. In the complex-valued setting, he observes that the momentum plays an important role in the well-posedness theory. In particular, he proves that the complex-valued mKdV equation is ill-posed in the sense of non-existence of solutions when the momentum is infinite, in the spirit of the work on the nonlinear Schrödinger equation by \textit{Z. Guo} and \textit{T. Oh} [Int. Math. Res. Not. 2018, No. 6, 1656--1729 (2018; Zbl 1410.35199)]. This nonexistence result motivates the introduction of the second renormalized mKdV equation, which he proposes as the correct model in the complex-valued setting outside \(H^{\frac{1}{2}}(\mathbb{T})\). Furthermore, imposing a new notion of finite momentum for the initial data, at low regularity, the author shows existence of solutions to the complex-valued mKdV equation. In particular, he requires an energy estimate, from which conservation of momentum follows. The paper is organized as follows. Section 1 is an introduction to the subject. In Section 2, the author introduces some notation and function spaces along with their relevant properties. In Section 3, he establishes the main trilinear estimate. In Section 4, he shows the non-existence of solutions for initial data with infinite moment. The influence of the momentum on low regularity well-posedness of mKdV1: \[\partial_tu+\partial_x^3u=\pm\left(|u|^2-\oint_\mathbb{T}|u|^2dx\right)\partial_xu,\quad u|_{t=0}=u_0,\quad (t,x)\in\mathbb{R}\times\mathbb{T},\] (where \(\oint fdx\equiv\frac{1}{2\pi}\int_0^{2\pi}fdx\)), is explored further in section 5, where the author establishes the conservation of momentum and the existence of solutions for the complex-valued equation with initial data with finite momentum. In order to show the conservation of momentum, he proves an energy estimate for smooth solutions of mKdV2: \[\partial_tu+\partial_x^3u=\pm\left(|u|^2\partial_xu-\left(\oint_\mathbb{T}|u|^2dx\right)\partial_xu -i\left(\oint_\mathbb{T}\mbox{Im }(\pi\partial_xu)dx\right)u\right),\] with \(u|_{t=0}=u_0\), \((t,x)\in\mathbb{R}\times\mathbb{T}\), in section 6. . In section 7, by establishing a modified version of the trilinear estimate, the author proves the global well-posedness for the real valued mKdV1 equation above. The paper is supported by an appendix concerning the failure of local uniform continuity of the solution map, in the context of the Fourier-Lebesgue space.