The fourth moment of quadratic Dirichlet \(L\)-functions (Q2031734)

The Generalized Riemann Hypothesis (GRH) asserts that for every Dirichlet character \(\chi\), the non-trivial zeros of the Dirichlet function \(L(s, \chi)\) have real part \(1/2\). If \(d\) is a fundamental discriminant and \(\chi_d\) is a real primitive Dirichlet character modulo \(d\) given by the Kronecker symbol, the \(k\)-th moment of quadratic Dirichlet \(L\)-functions is defined as: \[\sum_{0<d\leq X}^{\mathfrak{b}}L\left(\frac{1}{2}, \chi_d\right)^k,\] where \(\sum^{\mathfrak{b}}\) denotes the sum over fundamental discriminants and \(k\) is a positive real number. Theorem 1. Assume GRH for \(L(s, \chi_d)\), for all fundamental discriminants \(d\). For any \(\varepsilon > 0\), we have \[\sum^*_{\substack{0<d\leq X\\ (d, 2) =1}}L\left(\frac{1}{2}, \chi_{8d}\right)^4 = \frac{a_4}{2^6\cdot 3^3\cdot 5^2 \cdot 7 \cdot \pi^2}X(\log X)^{10} + O\left(X(\log X)^{9.75 + \varepsilon}\right),\] where \(\sum^*\) denotes the sum over square-free integers and \[a_k := 2^{-\frac{k(k+2)}{2}}\prod_{(p, 2) = 1}\frac{(1-\frac{1}{p})^{\frac{k(k+1)}{2}}}{1+\frac{1}{p}}\left(\frac{(1+\frac{1}{\sqrt{p}})^{-k} + (1-\frac{1}{\sqrt{p}})^{-k}}{2} + \frac{1}{p}\right).\] Theorem 2. Unconditionally, we have \[\sum^*_{\substack{0<d\leq X\\ (d, 2) =1}}L\left(\frac{1}{2}, \chi_{8d}\right)^4\geq \left(\frac{a_4}{2^6\cdot 3^3\cdot 5^2 \cdot 7 \cdot \pi^2} + o(1)\right)X(\log X)^{10}.\] Theorem 3. Assume GRH for \(L(s, \chi_d)\), for all fundamental discriminants \(d\). Let \(z_1\), \(z_2\in \mathbb{C}\), with \(0\leq \mathrm{Re}(z_1), \mathrm{Re}(z_2) \leq \frac{1}{\log X}\), and \(\vert\mathrm{Im}(z_1)\vert, \vert\mathrm{Im}(z_2)\vert \leq X\). Then \[\sum^{\mathfrak{b}}_{\vert d\vert \leq X} \vert L(\frac{1}{2} + z_1, \chi_d)\vert^2 \vert L(\frac{1}{2} + z_2, \chi_d)\vert^2 \ll X(\log X)^{4+\varepsilon}\] \[\times \left(1+\min\left\{(\log X)^6, \frac{1}{\vert\mathrm{Im}(z_1) - \mathrm{Im}(z_2)\vert^6}\right\}\right). \]