Large deviations at level 2.5 for Markovian open quantum systems: quantum jumps and quantum state diffusion (Q2046514)

In this paper, the authors investigate the dynamical evolution of open quantum systems by means of the theory of large deviations. They formulate a stochastic differential equation model for a pure-state density matrix of the quantum systems and represent the random increment of the density matrix by the noise term therein. Inspired by the Donsker-Varadhan type large deviations principle, the authors prove a large deviation principle with explicit rate functions for the joint distribution of empirical measure of the density matrix and empirical fluxes, which is called ``large deviations at level 2.5''. The purpose of including the empirical fluxes is to derive a more precise estimation of the deviation between the empirical measure and steady state distribution. Specifically, based on the Gärtner-Ellis theorem, they prove the large deviation principle for two classes of quantum systems. The first class consists of the quantum jump trajectories related to photon detection and the second is quantum state diffusion related to homodyne detection. Correspondingly, they use the noise term with and without jumps to represent these two classes of quantum systems. The large deviation principle gives then rise to the characterization of fluctuations of time-averaged quantities of these two classes of quantum systems.