Sums of dual Toeplitz products on the orthogonal complements of the Hardy-Sobolev spaces (Q2054440)

From the text: ``We consider the dual Toeplitz operators acting on the orthogonal complements of Hardy-Sobolev spaces of the unit ball. We first characterize the compactness of finite sums of dual Toeplitz products. Using this result, we next study the problem of when finite sums of products of two dual Toeplitz operators is another dual Toeplitz operator. Our results extend several known results on the Dirichlet spaces to the Hardy-Sobolev spaces.'' Denote by \(\mathbb B_n\) the unit ball of \(\mathbb C^n\) and by \(dv\) the Lebesgue volume measure on \(\mathbb B_n.\) For a real number \(\beta,\) the differential operator \(\mathcal R^\beta\) is defined on \(H(\mathbb B_n)\) by \(\mathcal R^\beta f(z)=\sum_{k=1}^\infty k^\beta f_k (z)\) where \(f=\sum_{k=1}^\infty f_k\) is the homogeneous expansion of \(f.\) For \(\beta < 1,\) the Hardy-Sobolev space \(H^2_\beta\) consists of those \(f\in H(\mathbb B_n)\) such that \(\mathcal R^\beta f\) belongs to the Hardy space \(H^2 (\mathbb B_n).\) This space is a closed subspace of the Hilbert space \(L^{2, 1}_\beta\) which is the completion of the space of all smooth functions \(f\) that satisfy the estimate \[ \left \Vert f\right \Vert_\beta^2=\left \vert\int_{\mathbb B_n} fdv_{1-2\beta}\right \vert+\int_{\mathbb B_n} |\mathcal Rf|^2\,dv_{1-2\beta}+\int_{\mathbb B_n} |\widetilde {\mathcal R}f|^2\,dv_{1-2\beta}< \infty, \] where \(dv_{1-2\beta} (z)=(1-|z|^2)^{1-2\beta}\,dv (z), \mathcal R=\mathcal R^1\) has the form \(\mathcal Rf(z)=\sum_{i=1}^n z_i\frac {\partial f}{\partial z_i}\) and \(\widetilde {\mathcal R}f(z)=\sum_{i=1}^n \bar z_i\frac {\partial f}{\partial \bar z_i}.\) Denote by \(P_\beta\) the orthogonal projector from \(L^{2, 1}_\beta\) to \(H^2_\beta.\) The dual Toeplitz operator \(S_u^\beta\) with symbol \(u\) on the orthogonal complement of the Hardy-Sobolev space \(H^2_\beta\) is defined by \(S_u^\beta f=\left (I-P_\beta\right )(uf).\) Here, the symbol \(u\) belongs to the subspace \(L^{\infty, 1}_\beta\) of \(L^{2, 1}_\beta\) consisting of functions \(f\) such \(f\), \(\frac {\partial f}{\partial z_i}\) and \(\frac {\partial f}{\partial \hat{z}_i}\) belong to \(L^\infty\) (the derivatives are taken in the sense of distributions). The Hardy-Sobolev spaces encompass the Bergman space \(A^2\) \((\beta=-\frac 12),\) the Hardy space \(H^2\) \((\beta=0)\) and the classical Dirichlet space \((\beta=\frac 12)\). Earlier related results were obtained: \begin{itemize} \item[(1)] for the Bergman space \(A^2\) by \textit{K. Stroethoff} and \textit{D.-C. Zheng} [Trans. Am. Math. Soc. 354, No. 6, 2495--2520 (2002; Zbl 0996.47036)] on the unit disc and extended to the unit ball by \textit{Y.-F. Lu} [J. Math. Anal. Appl. 302, No. 1, 149--156 (2005; Zbl 1064.47027)] \textit{Y. F. Lu} and \textit{J. Yang} [Acta Math. Sin., Engl. Ser. 27, No. 9, 1725--1742 (2011; Zbl 1248.47030)]; \item[(2)] on the Hardy space by \textit{H. Guediri} [Acta Math. Sin., Engl. Ser. 29, No. 9, 1791--1808 (2013; Zbl 1314.47045)]; \textit{L.-H. Kong} and \textit{Y.-F. Lu} [Houston J. Math. 44, No. 1, 169--185 (2018; Zbl 1471.47018)]; \item[(3)] on the Dirichlet space by \textit{T. Yu} and \textit{S. Y. Wu} [Acta Math. Sin., Engl. Ser. 24, No. 11, 1843--1852 (2008; Zbl 1163.47025); Acta Math. Sin., Engl. Ser. 25, No. 2, 245--252 (2009; Zbl 1198.47048)]. \end{itemize} Also, cf.\ the recent work of \textit{Y. J. Lee} [Stud. Math. 256, No. 2, 197--215 (2021; Zbl 07282489)], which contains a characterisation of the zero sums of products of two dual Toeplitz operators on the orthogonal complement of the classical Dirichlet space.