Boussinesq system with measure forcing (Q2122084)

In this paper, the authors are interested in showing the existence, uniqueness and regularity of solutions for the system of equations, \[ \begin{cases} \mu_t +u\cdot \nabla \mu =0&\text{ in }\mathbb{R}^2\times(0,T)\\ \theta_t + u \cdot \nabla\theta - \operatorname{div}(\nabla \theta) = \mu, &\text{ in } \mathbb{R}^2\times(0,T)\\ u_t - \operatorname{div}(\nabla u) + (u \cdot \nabla)u + \nabla p =\theta e_2 &\text{ in } \mathbb{R}^2\times(0,T)\\ \text{div}\,u = 0,&\text{ in }\mathbb{R}^2\times[0,T)\\ (\mu,\theta,u)\vert_{t=0}=(\mu_0,\theta_0,u_0)&\text{ in }\mathbb{R}^2. \end{cases}\tag{1} \] The distinctive feature of this system is that the heat source measure transported over time, does not cancel in time. Another essential feature is that, since the source \(\mu\) is a measure then standard energy estimates does not work and a new strategy is proposed, where the authors invoke a logarithmic interpolation inequality in Besov spaces \(B^s_{p,\infty}(\mathbb{R}^2)\) and show the following refined estimate (see Proposition 3.3) \[ \Vert \theta\Vert_{L^{\infty}_t(B^{2-\sigma}_{\frac{2}{2-\sigma},\infty} ) }\leq C (1+t)^{6}(1+\Vert (u,\omega)\Vert^2_{L^{\infty}_t(L^2)} \log (e+\Vert (u,\omega)\Vert^2_{L^{\infty}_t(L^2)}), \] where \(\omega:=\mathrm{curl}\,u\). Therefore, by standard approach via Galerkin method, the authors show the main existence result: \textbf{Theorem}. Let \(\mu_0\) be a nonnegative Radon measure on \(\mathbb{R}^2\) with compact support, that is, \(\mu_0\in \mathcal{M}_+(\mathbb{R}^2)\). For each \(\sigma\in (0,3/2]\), let \(0\leq \theta_0\in L^1(\mathbb{R}^2)\cap B^{2-\sigma}_{\frac{2}{2-\sigma},\infty}(\mathbb{R}^2)\) and let \(u_0\in H^1(\mathbb{R}^2)\) be such that \(\omega\in B^{3-\sigma}_{\frac{2}{2-\sigma},\infty}(\mathbb{R}^2)\). Then the system (1) admits a weak solution \((\mu,\theta,u)\) such that for all \(T>0\), \[ \mu \in L^{\infty}((0,T):\mathcal{M}_+(\mathbb{R}^2)) \] and \[ \theta \in L^{\infty}\left((0,T): L^1\cap B^{2-\sigma}_{\frac{2}{2-\sigma},\infty}\right). \] Moreover, one has \[ u\in L^{\infty}\left((0,T): H^1\cap W^{1,\infty}\cap L^2((0,T):H^2)\right). \] and \[ \nabla u\in L^{\infty}((0,T):B^{3-\sigma}_{\frac{2}{2-\sigma},\infty}). \]