Some inequalities related to eigenvalues (Q2143924)

Associated with the eigenvalues \(\lambda_1, \ldots, \lambda_n(M)\) of an \(n\times n\) complex matrix \(M\) are some quantities that are frequently investigated, as for example, the spread of \(M\): \[\mathrm{spd}(M)=\max_{r, s}|\lambda_r(M)-\lambda_s(M)|;\] the minimum distance between any two distinct eigenvalues of \(M\): \[d(M)=\min_{r, s}|\lambda_r(M)-\lambda_s(M)|;\] the spectral radius of \(M\): \[\rho(M)=\max_{r}|\lambda_r(M)|.\] The paper presents a number of inequalities related to these quantities, most of which are upper bounds for these quantities in terms of the entries of \(M\). Some results are restricted to real eigenvalues.