Asymptotic behavior of solutions to Schrödinger equations near an isolated singularity of the electromagnetic potential (Q610658)

The authors discuss the asymptotic behavior of solutions to linear and semilinear equations associated to operators \[ {\mathcal L}_{{\mathbf A}, a} := \left( -i\nabla + \frac{{\mathbf A}(x/|x|)}{|x|}\right)^2 - \frac{a(x/|x|)}{|x|^2}. \] On open domains \(\Omega \subset \mathbb R^N\) (\(N\geq 2\)) which contain the origin in \(\mathbb R^N\), suitable function spaces are introduced for the existence of nontrivial solutions for equations \({\mathcal L}_{{\mathbf A}, a} u = h(x) u\) and \({\mathcal L}_{{\mathbf A}, a} u = f(x,u)\). The paper focuses on the classification of possible asymptotic behavior of solutions at zero based on the detailed study of an auxiliary Almgren frequency function. Due to invariance under Kelvin transform, the results on the behavior of solutions near zero can be translated into results on the behavior at infinity for solutions in exterior domains. This 55 pages article is self-contained and provides alternatives to methods that work for less singular potentials. It should be noted that a 19 pages Addendum is available at \url{arXiv:1007.4434}.