Lefschetz properties of balanced 3-polytopes (Q1657768)

Let \(\mathbb{F}\) be an infinite field. An Artinian Gorenstein standard graded \(\mathbb{F}\)-algebra \(A = A_0 \oplus A_1\oplus \cdots \oplus A_s\) with \(A_0\cong A_s\cong \mathbb{F}\) is said to have the strong Lefschetz property (SLP) if there is a linear form \(w\in A_1\) such that the multiplication map \(\times w^{s-2i} : A_i\rightarrow A_{s-i}\) is bijective for all \(i < s/2\). Proving the SLP is difficult in general, and it is interesting to find new classes of Artinian Gorenstein algebras having the SLP. In the paper under review, the authors study the SLP for certain Artinian reductions of the Stanley-Reisner rings of simplicial \(3\)-polytopes, which satisfy nice vertex coloring conditions. A \((d-1)\)-dimensional simplicial complex is said to be balanced if its graph is \(d\)-colorable. If a simplicial complex is balanced, then its Stanley-Reisner ring has a special system of parameters induced by the coloring. It is proved that the Artinian reduction of the Stanley-Reisner ring of a balanced simplicial \(3\)-polytope with respect to this special system of parameters has the strong Lefschetz property if the characteristic of the base field \(\mathbb{F}\) is not two or three. Moreover, the authors characterize \((2, 1)\)-balanced simplicial polytopes, i.e., polytopes with exactly one red vertex and two blue vertices in each facet, such that an analogous property holds. In fact, it is shown that this is the case if and only if the induced graph on the blue vertices satisfies a Laman type combinatorial condition.