Combinatorial coherent states via normal ordering of bosons (Q1827437)

The standard coherent state vectors \(| z\rangle= e^{-| z| ^2/2}\sum_{n=0}^{\infty}z^n/\sqrt{n!}| n\rangle\) are eigenstates of the boson annihilation operator, \(a| z\rangle= z| z\rangle\). The ``nonlinear'' coherent state vectors are defined as solution of the a ``deformed'' boson annihilation operator, \(A| z\rangle =z| z\rangle\), as \(| z\rangle={\mathcal{N}}^{-1/2}\sum_{n=0}^{\infty}z^n/\sqrt{\rho (n)} | n\rangle\), where the normalization constant \(\mathcal{N}\) is determined imposing the normalization condition \(\langle z| z\rangle=1\). The resolution of unity condition is equivalent with a Stieltjes moment problem [\textit{J. R. Klauder, K. A. Penson} and \textit{J. M. Sixdeniers}, Phys. Rev. A 64, 013817--013835 (2001)] determined by the choice of the dependence \(\rho =\rho (n)\). The starting point of the present paper is the nice observation that the coefficients which appear in the normal ordering \((a^{\dagger}a)^n=\sum_{k=1}^nS(n,k)(a^{\dagger})^ka^k\) are the Stirling numbers of second kind [\textit{J. Katriel}, Lett. Nuovo Cimento 10, 565--567 (1974)]. Similarly are introduced the generalized Stirling numbers of the second kind as the coefficients appearing in the normal ordering \(((a^{\dagger})^r(a)^s)^n=\sum_{k=1}^nS_{r,s}(n,k)(a^{\dagger})^ka^k\), where \(r,s,n\) are positive integers. Explicit formulas for the generalized Stirling numbers and also for the so called generalized Bell numbers (\(B_{r,s}(n)= \sum_{k=s}^{ns}S_{r,s}(n,k)\)) are known [\textit{P. Blasiak, K. A. Penson} and \textit{A. I. Solomon}, Ann. Comb. 7, 127--139 (2003; Zbl 1030.81004)]. In the letter under review the authors are interested in the nonlinear coherent states constructed taking \(\rho (n):=B_{r,1}(n)\), which are shown to be the \(n\)-th moment of a positive function on the positive half-axis. The normalization constant \(\mathcal{N}\) of the nonlinear coherent states is determined and the so called Mandel parameter \(Q_r\) constructed from the normalization constant \(\mathcal{N}\) [\textit{J. R. Klauder, K. A. Penson, J. M. Sixdeniers}, loc. cit.], zero for the standard coherent states, is plotted. The nonlinear coherent states constructed with the generalized Bell numbers display non-classical fluctuation properties as supper-Poissonian statistics, i.e. \(Q_r<0\), and squeezing.