Oscillation in space-periodic nonlinear Schrödinger equations (Q1355453)

The author considers a nonlinear Schrödinger equation \[ -i\dot u= -\delta\Delta u+|u|^{2p}, \quad u=u(t,x),\tag{NLS} \] with odd periodic boundary conditions \[ u(t,x_1, \dots, x_n)= u(t,x_1,x_{j+2}, \dots,x_n)= -u(t,x_1,-x_j, \dots, x_n),\;j=1, \dots, n. \] Thus on the cube of half-period we have the Dirichlet conditions \(u|_{\partial K} =0\). Two well known integrals of motion exist. One is the energy of the system: \[ {\mathcal H} (u) =\int_{T^n} (\delta/2)|\nabla u|^2+ \bigl[1/(2p+2)\bigr] |u|^{(2p+2)} dx, \] the other is \(N(u)= \int_{T^n} |u|^2dx\). Here \(T^n= \mathbb{R}^n/2\mathbb{Z}^n\). This defines a dynamic system in the Sobolev space \(H^s= H_{op}^s\). The author mentions Kolmogorov's semi-heuristic theory of turbulence, which implies that for \(\delta\ll 1\) one would expect very fast oscillations of the solutions. Examining the \(m\)-norm of an appropriate Sobolev phase space \(H^m\) the author defines an essential subset \(\mathbb{A}\) of \(H^m\), with sufficiently small initial norm of \(u\). (This loose statement is given a precise meaning by the author.) This subset \(\mathbb{A}\) is visited an arbitrarily large number of times by each trajectory of the system. The author proceeds to scale the NLS equation and the essential part \(\mathbb{A}\) of the Sobolev space proving a number of estimates. The mathematical machinery used in proving these estimates includes Banach algebra arguments, interpolation theory and the Poincaré inequality. Finally, he proves the main theorem on the growth of solutions on intervals of prescribed length. Two appendices are included: one onmultiplication in Sobolev spaces, which demonstrates what happens to the norms of products of functions in a Sobolev space \(H^s\), the other on nonlinear holomorphic interpolation.