Affine versions of Singer's theorem on locally homogeneous spaces (Q1355712)

As proved by I. M. Singer, a Riemannian manifold \((M,g)\) is locally homogeneous if and only if it is infinitesimally homogeneous, that is, if and only if it is curvature homogeneous of order \(k_M+1\) where \(k_M\) denotes the Singer number of \((M,g)\). In this paper, the author develops two similar versions of Singer's theorem for an analytic manifold \(M\) equipped with an analytic affine connection \(\nabla\). In general, \((M, \nabla)\) is said to be curvature homogeneous of order \(m\) if, for any two points \(p,q\in M\), there exists a linear isomorphism \(F: T_pM \to T_qM\) such that \(F^* (\nabla^sR)_q =(\nabla^s R)_p\) for all \(s\leq m\). Here \(R\) denotes the curvature tensor of \(\nabla\). Furthermore, \(\nabla \) is locally homogeneous if, for any two points \(p,q\in M\), there exist neighborhoods \(U\) of \(p\) and \(V\) of \(q\) and an affine transformation \(f:(U, \nabla_{|U}) \to(V,\nabla_{|V})\) with \(f(p)=q\). The author applies the results to prove that a two-dimensional manifold with affine connection such that its Ricci tensor is symmetric or of rank one is locally homogeneous if it is curvature homogeneous of order two. Moreover, she provides an example of an \((M^2,\nabla)\) which is curvature homogeneous of order one but not locally homogeneous. This contrasts to the Riemannian situation. Note that a curvature homogeneous connection on \(M^2\) is, in general, not locally symmetric.