Moment methods in Padé approximation: The unitary case (Q762700)

Given a unitary operator T in the Hilbert space \(H=(H,<.,.>)\) we consider the function \(f(z)=<(I-zT)^{-1}u_ 0,u_ 0>,\) \((u_ 0\in H\), \(\| u_ 0\| =1\), z regular for T), and two sequences of ((n-1)/n) two point Padé approximants to f: (R\({}_ n^{(1)}(z;f))^{\infty}_{n=1}\), \((R_ n^{(0)}(z;f))^{\infty}_{n=1}\), where \(R_ n^{(1)}(z;f)- f(z)=O_{z\to 0}(z^{n+1})\) and \(=O_{z\to \infty}(z^{-n})\) resp. \(R_ n^{(0)}(z;f)-f(z)=O_{z\to 0}(z^ n)\) and \(=O_{z\to \infty}(z^{-n-1})\). We have \(R_ n^{(1)}(z;f)=<(I-zE_ nTE_ n)^{-1}u_ 0,u_ 0>\) where \((E_ n)^{\infty}_{n=1}\) is a suitable sequence of orthogonal projections in H and \(\lim_{n\to \infty}R_ n^{(1)}(z;f)=f(z)\) for \(| z| <1\). This implies \(\lim_{n\to \infty}R_ n^{(0)}(z;f)=f(z)\) for \(| z| >1\). Under certain normality conditions we have \(R_ n^{(0)}(z;f)=<(I-zE_ n^{(0)}TE_ n^{(0)})^{-1}u_ 0,u_ 0>\) for some sequence \((E_ n^{(0)})^{\infty}_{n=1}\) of oblique projections in H. A sufficient condition such that, for some \(\delta >0\), \(\lim_{n\to \infty}R_ n^{(0)}(z;f)=f(z)\) for \(| z| <\delta\), is given. Then we also have \(\lim_{n\to \infty}R_ n^{(1)}(z;f)=f(z)\) for \(| z| >\delta^{-1}\). We give an elementary proof of the following well-known theorem, not using the solution of the classical trigonometric moment problem. Theorem: Let \((c_ n)_{n\in {\mathbb{Z}}}\) be a sequence in \({\mathbb{C}}\) with \(c_ 0=1\) and \(c_{-n}=\bar c_ n\), \(n\in {\mathbb{Z}}\). Then the following are equivalent: (a) \((c_ n)_{n\in {\mathbb{Z}}}\) is nonnegative on the unit circle in \({\mathbb{C}}\). (b) There exists a unitary operator T in H and \(u_ 0\in H\), \(\| u_ 0\| =1\) such that \(<T^ nu_ 0,u_ 0>=c_ n\) for all \(n\in {\mathbb{Z}}\).