Wavelet characterization of weighted spaces (Q5950489)

The wavelet square function \(W_{\psi }(f)(x)=\{\sum_{x\in I_{jk}}|\langle f,\psi _{jk}\rangle |^{2}/|I_{jk}|\}^{1/2}\) characterizes the standard \(L^{p} \) spaces (\(1<p<\infty \)) in the sense that \(\|f\|_{p}\) is equivalent to \(\|W_{\psi }(f)\|_{p}\) provided the mother wavelet \(\psi \) is reasonably well-behaved. Here \(\psi _{jk}=2^{j/2}\psi (2^{j}x-k)\) and \( I_{jk}=[k/2^{j},(k+1)/2^{j})\). The authors show that the wavelet square function characterization extends to weighted Hardy spaces \(H_{w}^{p}\), \( 0<p\leq 1\), on \(\mathbb{R}\) with \(w\) in the Muckenhoupt class \(A_{\infty }\), provided the wavelet satisfies additional regularity conditions depending on \(p\) and on \(q_{w}=\inf \{q:w\in A_{q}\}\). Here, \(H_{w}^{p}\) consists of those distributions that can be written \(f=\sum_{k}\lambda _{k}a_{k}\) where \(\sum_{k}|\lambda _{k}|^{p}<\infty \) and \(a_{k}\) is a \(p\)-atom for \(w\), meaning that (i) \(|a_{k}(x)|\leq w^{-1/p}\) and (ii) \(\int x^{l}a_{k} dx=0\) for \(0\leq l\leq [q_{w}/p]-1\). One defines \(\|f\|_{H_{w}^{p}}^{p}\) as \(\inf \sum_{k}|\lambda _{k}|^{p}\) where the infimum is taken over all representations of \(f\) in terms of \(p\)-atoms for \(w\). Specifically, one says that \(\psi \) is regular of order \(\alpha >0\) if \(f\in C^{[\alpha ]}(\mathbb{R)}\), if \(\int x^{l}f dx=0\) for all \(0\leq l\leq [\alpha ]-1\), if \(|f(x)|(1+|x|)^{1+[\alpha ]+r}\) is bounded for some \( r>0\) and if \(|D^{k}f(x)|(1+|x|)^{\alpha +\varepsilon }\) is bounded for some \( \varepsilon >0\) and all \(0\leq k\leq [\alpha ]\). The authors prove that if \(\psi \) is an \(\alpha \)-regular generator of an orthonormal wavelet basis for \(L^{2}(\mathbb{R)}\) where \(\alpha \geq q_{w}/p\) then \(\|W_{\psi }(f)\|_{L^{p}}^{p}\) is equivalent to \(\|f\|_{H_{w}^{p}}^{p}\). As with other norm characterizations in terms of wavelet square functions, the proof is based on vector-valued Calderón-Zygmund theory, of which some new results are required. The authors show, furthermore, that under the given regularity condition the wavelets form an unconditional basis for \( H_{w}^{p}\).