Nonlocal estimates for the volume preserving mean curvature flow and applications (Q6134277)

Let \(M^{n}\) be a smooth, orientable, compact, and \(n\)-dimensional manifold without boundary. A smooth family of immersions \(X:M^{n}\times \lbrack 0,T)\rightarrow \mathbb{R}^{n+1}\) is a solution to the volume-preserving mean curvature flow problem (VPMCF) if \[\frac{dX}{dt}=-(H-\overline{H})\nu,\] on \(M^{n}\times \lbrack 0,T)\), with the initial condition \(X(\cdot ,t)=X_{0}\) on \(M^{n}\), where \(X_{0}:M^{n}\rightarrow \mathbb{R}^{n+1}\) is a given immersion. Here, \(\nu\) is a unit normal along \(X(\cdot ,t)=M_{t}\), \(H=g_{ij}h_{ij}\) the mean curvature, \(h_{ij}=-\left\langle \partial _{i}\partial _{j}X,\nu \right\rangle\) being the local coefficients of the second fundamental form \(A\), \(g_{ij}=\left\langle X_{i},X_{j}\right\rangle\) the induced metric, and \(\overline{H}=\int Hd\mu _{t}/\left\vert M_{t}\right\vert\) the Lagrange parameter of the above mentioned geometric variational problem. The first main result shows that if the initial immersion \(X_{0}\) has a nonvanishing enclosed volume \(V_{0}\neq 0\), then \[\int_{0}^{t}\overline{H}^{2}(\tau)d\tau \leq C(1+t^{2})e^{c\sqrt{t}},\] for constants \(c\) and \(C\) only depending on \(M_{0}\). The authors first draw computations which lead to bounds for the diameter \(\operatorname{diam}(M_{t})\). They prove that these bounds are optimal analyzing an example of a closed and convex curve. Then they prove a monotonicity formula deriving the evolution equation for the area measure. The second main result proves that parabolic blow-ups of the VPMCF problem at finite time singularities of type I produce properly immersed, ancient, non-compact homothetically shrinking solutions. Finite-type II blow-ups are eternal solutions of the mean curvature flow problem after Hamilton's parabolic rescaling. The authors introduce the parabolic rescaling about a point \(p\in \mathbb{R}^{n+1}\) at time \(T\) given by \(X_{p}^{\lambda }(x,\tau)=\lambda (X(x,\lambda ^{-2}\tau +T)-p)\), for \(\tau \leq 0\). A singularity occurs if \(\limsup_{t\rightarrow T}\sup_{M_{t}}\left\vert A\right\vert =\infty\), it is of type I\ if \(\max|A|^{2}\leq \frac{C}{T-t}\), and of type II in the other cases. The authors present direct computations. The third main result proves that if \(V_{0}\neq 0\) and \(M_{t}\) satisfies a uniform diameter bound along the VPMCF with \(T=\infty\), then, for each \(t_{i}\rightarrow \infty\), there exists a subsequence such that either \(\mathcal{I}(M_{t_{i}})\rightarrow 0\) or \(\mathcal{I}(M_{t_{i}})\rightarrow 1\), where \[\mathcal{I}(M_{t})=\frac{n+1}{n} \overline{H}\frac{V(t)}{\left\vert M_{t}\right\vert },\] \(V(t)\) being the signed volume on the immersion \(M_{t}\) defined through \[\frac{1}{n+1} \int_{M_{t}}\left\langle X,\nu \right\rangle d\mu.\] The last main result proves that the property of being Alexandrov immersed is preserved under the VPMCF as long as \(\overline{H}\geq 0\).