Hyperballeans of groups (Q2312454)

In this paper ballean structures associated to coarse spaces and groups are studied. A ballean \(\mathcal{B}=(X,P,B)\) is an equivalent description for a coarse space. Here \(X\) denotes the support of \(\mathcal{B}\), the set \(P\) is a collection of radii and \(B\) is a map that associates to every point \(x\in X\), radius \(\alpha\in P\) the ball of radius \(\alpha\) around \(x\). Note that the ballean structure does not need to be connected. A ballean \((X,P,B)\) is connected if for every two points \(x,y\in X\) there exists a radius \(\alpha\in P\) such that \(x\in B(y,\alpha)\). Connected components of balleans are studied in this paper for various constructions. Given a coarse space/ballean \(\mathcal{B}=(X,P,B)\) the exponential hyperballean \(\exp\mathcal{B}\) is a ballean structure defined on the power set of \(X\). Given a group \(G\) the logarithmic hyperballean \(l\)-\(\exp G\) is a ballean structure on the power set of \(G\) which is induced by an extended metric. Now the subgroup exponential hyperballean \(\mathcal{L}(G)\) of a group \(G\) is defined as the restriction of \(\exp\mathcal{B}_G\) to the set of subgroups of \(G\). Similarly the subgroup logarithmic hyperballean \(l\)-\(\mathcal{L}(G)\) is the restriction of \(l\)-\(\exp \mathcal{B}_G\) to the set of subgroups of \(G\). Isolated points (points \(x\in X\) for which \(\{x\}\) is a connected component) of \(\mathcal{L}(G)\) and \(l\)-\(\mathcal{L}(G)\) are studied. An abelian group \(G\) is divisible if and only if \(G\) is an isolated point of \(\mathcal{L}(G)\) by Claim 4.5. A subgroup \(A\le G\) of an abelian group is an isolated point if and only if \(A\) is divisible and \(G\cong A\oplus B\) where \(B\) is a torsion free subgroup of \(G\) by Proposition 4.6. If \(\mathbb{Z}_{p^\infty}\) denotes the Prüfer \(p\)-group for a prime number \(p\) then \(\mathcal{L}(\mathbb{Z})\) and \(\mathcal{L}(\mathbb{Z}_{p^\infty})\) are coarsely equivalent by Corollary 4.13. The asymptotic dimension of \(l\)-\(\mathcal{L}(\mathbb{Z}_{p^\infty})\) and \(l\)-\(\mathcal{L}(\mathbb{Z})\) is studied in Corollary 4.19 and Theorem 4.20. The last chapter presents rigidity results.