Frobenius-Seshadri constants and characterizations of projective space (Q1990444)

In the paper under review, the author studies properties of projective varieties defined over fields of positive characteristic from a viewpoint of the Frobenius-Seshadri constants -- a positive characteristic generalization of the Seshadri constants. Let us recall basic definitions. Let \(L\) be an ample line bundle on a smooth projective variety defined over an algebraically closed field \(k\) and let \(x \in X\) be a point. Denote by \(\mu: X' \rightarrow X\) the blow-up of \(X\) at \(x\) with the exceptional divisor \(E\), the Seshadri constant is defined as \[ \varepsilon(X,L;x) := \text{sup} \{t \in \mathbb{R}_{\geq 0} : \mu^{*}(L) - tE \text{ is nef }\}. \] We say that \(L\) separates \(\ell\)-jets if the restriction map \[ H^{0}(X,L) \rightarrow H^{0}(X, L \otimes \mathcal{O}_{X} / \mathfrak{m}_{x}^{\ell+1}) \] is surjective, where \(\mathfrak{m}_{x}\) is the ideal defining \(x\). The first main result can be formulated as follows. Theorem A. Let \(L\) be an ample line bundle on a smooth projective variety \(X\) of dimension \(n\) defined over an algebraically closed field of positive characteristic. If \(\varepsilon(X,L;x) > n + \ell\) at a closed point \(x \in X\), then \(\omega_{X} \otimes L\) separates \(\ell\)-jets at \(x\), where \(\omega_{X}\) is the canonical bundle on \(X\). Another interesting result is devoted to a characterization of the projective spaces via Seshadri constants. Theorem B. Let \(X\) be a smooth Fano variety of dimension \(n\) defined over an algebraically closed field of positive characteristic. If there exists a closed point \(x \in X\) with \(\varepsilon(X, \omega_{X}^{-1}; x) \geq n+1\), then \(X\) is isomorphic to the \(n\)-dimensional projective space \(\mathbb{P}^{n}\). In order to show Theorem A and B, the author uses a new variant of the Seshadri constants. Recall that the Seshadri constant can be defined in a slightly different way, namely for each integer \(m\) denote by \(s(X, L^{m};x)\) the largest integer \(\ell\) such that \(L^{m}\) separates \(\ell\)-jets, then we have \[ \varepsilon(X,L;x) = \lim_{m\rightarrow \infty} \frac{ s(X, L^{m};x)}{m}. \] Now for each integer \(\ell \geq 0\) and \(m\geq 1\), let \(s_{F}^{\ell}(X,L^{m};x)\) be the largest integer \(e \geq 0\) such that the restriction map \[ H^{0}(X,L^{m}) \rightarrow H^{0}(X, L^{m} \otimes \mathcal{O}_{X} / (\mathfrak{m}_{x}^{\ell+1})^{[p^{e}]}) \] is surjective, where \((\mathfrak{m}_{x}^{\ell+1})^{[p^{e}]}\) denotes the \(e\)-th Frobenius power of \(\mathfrak{m}_{x}^{\ell+1}\). Then the \(\ell\)-th Frobenius-Seshadri constant of \(L\) at \(x\) is \[ \varepsilon^{\ell}_{F}(X,L;x) = \text{lim sup}_{m \rightarrow \infty} \frac{p^{s^{\ell}_{F}(X,L^{m};x) - 1}}{m / (\ell + 1)}. \] There is an interesting link between the ordinary Seshadri constants and the Frobenius-Seshadri constants, namely \[ \frac{\ell+1}{\ell+n} \cdot \varepsilon(X,L;x) \leq \varepsilon^{\ell}_{F}(X,L;x) \leq \varepsilon(X,L;x). \] Now we can formulate the last main result of the paper. Theorem C. Let \(L\) be an ample line bundle on a smooth projective variety \(X\) defined over an algebraically closed field of positive characteristic. If \(\varepsilon^{\ell}_{F}(X,L;x) > \ell+1\) at a closed point \(x \in X\), then \(\omega_{X} \otimes L\) separates \(\ell\)-jets at \(x\).