Colocality and twisted sums of Banach spaces (Q855406)

A Banach space \(X\) is the twisted sum of Banach spaces \(Y\) and \(Z\) if \(Y\) is isomorphic to a subspace \(Y'\) of \(X\) and \(X/Y'\) is isomorphic to \(Z\). The twisted sum is trivial if \(Y'\) is complemented in \(X\). \textit{F.\,Cabello Sánchez} and \textit{J.\,M.\,F.\,Castillo} [Houston J.\ Math.\ 30, No.\,2, 523--536 (2004; Zbl 1063.46012)] proposed a local approach to twisted sums. Generalizing the notion of \(\mathcal{L}_p\)-space, they say that, given a family \(\mathcal{E}\) of finite-dimensional Banach spaces, a Banach space \(X\) is locally \(\mathcal{E}\) if there exists a constant \(\lambda>1\) such that every finite-dimensional subspace \(A\) of \(X\) is contained in a finite-dimensional subspace \(B\) of \(X\) which is \(\lambda\)-isomorphic to some \(E\in \mathcal{E}\). Cabello and Castillo used the locality to determine the existence of nontrivial twisted sums, in fact, if \(Y\) is a Banach space complemented in its bidual and if all twisted sums of \(Y\) and some Banach space \(W\) containing a family \(\mathcal{E}\) uniformly complemented are trivial, then the twisted sum of \(Y\) and \(Z\) is trivial for each Banach space \(Z\) which is locally \(\mathcal{E}\). In the paper under review, the authors introduce a dual notion. They say that a Banach space \(X\) is colocally \(\mathcal{E}\) if there exists a constant \(\lambda>1\) such that every finite-dimensional quotient \(A\) of \(X\) is a quotient of another finite-dimensional quotient \(B\) of \(X\) which is \(\lambda\)-isomorphic to some \(E\in \mathcal{E}\). The main result of the paper is: Let \(W\) be a Banach space containing \(\mathcal{E}\) uniformly complemented. If each twisted sum of \((Y,W)\) is trivial, then each twisted sum of \((Y,Z)\) is trivial for every Banach space \(Z\) complemented in its bidual and colocally \(\mathcal{E}\). Using this fact, the authors give new examples of nontrivial twisted sums.