On commuting exponentials in low dimensions (Q880034)

We deal with square matrices \(A, B\) of dimension \(d = 2\) or \(3\), over the complex field, such that \(AB\neq BA\). We introduce the relations \(G_t:\exp(tA+B)=\exp(tA)\exp(B)\) and \(G_t':\exp(tA+B)= \exp(tA)\exp(B)=\exp(B)\exp(tA)\). In dimension 2, we characterize the \((A, B)\) couples satisfying \(G_t\) for any \(t \in \mathbb N\). In dimension 2 or 3, we show that if \(G_t'\) is satisfied for any \(t \in \mathbb N\) then \(A\) and \(B\) are simultaneously triangularizable. In this manner we do not need the \(2i\pi\)-congruence-free postulate anymore, which has been supposed by researchers since 1954.