Nonmonotoneity of Picard principle for Schrödinger operators (Q919485)

The paper studies the Schrödinger equation on the punctuated open unit disk \(\Omega =\{0<| z| <1\}\); \[ (1)\quad Lu=(-\Delta +P(z))u(z)=0,\quad \Delta =\partial^ 2/\partial x^ 2+\partial^ 2/\partial y^ 2,\quad z=x+iy. \] The potential P is called a density in the paper if P is nonnegative and of class \(C^{\infty}\) on \(0<| z| \leq 1\). It is assumed throughout the paper that the Picard principle is valid for a rotation free density P \((P(z)=P(| z|))\) at the origin \(z=0\). In other words, every nonnegative solution u to equation (1) with \(u=0\) on \(| z| =1\) is generated by a single nonnegative solution \(u_ 0\) \((=0\) on \(| z| =1)\); \(u=cu_ 0\) for some \(c\geq 0.\) The following assertion is well known: The Picard principle is valid for every Q if \(Q\leq P\) and Q is a rotation free density. A counter example of a density Q is first shown such that the above assertion is invalid for Q which is not rotation free. A density Q is called almost rotation free if \[ c^{-1}P(| z|)\leq Q(z)\leq cP(| z|)\quad (=cP(z)),\quad z\in \Omega \] for some \(c\geq 1\). Second, a counter example of an almost rotation free density Q is shown such that the above assertion is invalid for Q. When \(\Omega\) is replaced by the upper half unit disk \(\Omega^+=\Omega \cap \{Im z>0\}\), similar results are shown.