Existence of solutions for a class of resonant elliptic problems (Q1260822)

The paper concerns the resonant elliptic problem \[ -\Delta u=\lambda_ 1 u+g(u) \text{ in }\Omega, \qquad u=0\text{ on } \partial\Omega, \tag{1} \] where \(\Omega\subset\mathbb R^ N\) is a bounded smooth domain, \(\lambda_ 1\) is the first eigenvalue of the problem \(-\Delta u= \lambda u\) in \(\Omega\), \(u=0\) on \(\partial\Omega\), and the nonlinearity \(g: \mathbb R\to\mathbb R\) is a continuous function satisfying the growth condition \(| g(s)|\leq a| s|^ \sigma+b\) for all \(s\in\mathbb R\) and the one-sided resonance condition \(\lim_{s\to+\infty} g(s)= \lim_{s\to+ \infty} G(s)=0\), where \(G(s):= \int_ 0 g(t)\,dt\). Here \(a,b>0\) and \(\sigma\geq 0\) are constants with \(\sigma\leq (N+2)/ (N-2)\) for \(N\geq 3\). The authors consider various cases depending on the values \(\lim_{s\to -\infty} g(s)\) and \(\lim_{s\to -\infty} G(s)\), and they state sufficient conditions for problem (1) to have at least one or at least two nonzero weak solutions.