Mirror symmetry via 3-tori for a class of Calabi-Yau threefolds (Q1374734)

In the approach of \textit{Strominger, S.-T. Yau} and \textit{E. Zaslow} [Nucl. Phys. B 479, No. 1-2, 243-259 (1996; Zbl 0896.14024), in the following named SYZ], the phenomenon of mirror symmetry on Calabi-Yau threefolds admitting a \(T^3\) fibration is interpreted as \(T\)-duality on the \(T^3\) fibres. According to this formulation one would like to define the mirror dual to a Calabi-Yau manifold (of any dimension) as a compactification of the moduli space of its special Lagrangian submanifolds (the \(T^3\) tori in the above case) endowed with a suitable complex structure. This paper shows how to construct mirror duals fulfilling the SYZ requirements in two particular but interesting cases, K3 surfaces and Borcea-Voisin Calabi-Yau threefolds; these are threefolds obtained from a K3 surface \(S\) with holomorphic involution \(i\) and an elliptic curve \(A\) by resolving singularities of \(S\times A/(i,j)\), \(j\) being the involution on \(A\) defined by negation. For K3 surfaces the mirror dual considered is the one of \textit{I. V. Dolgachev} [J. Math. Sci., New York 81, No. 3, 2599-2630 (1996; Zbl 0890.14024)] defined in terms of the notion of \(M\)-polarized K3 surfaces, where \(M\) is a primitive sublattice of signature \((1,t)\) of the K3 lattice \(L\). If the transcendental lattice \(T=M^\perp\subseteq L\) admits a splitting \(T=U(1)\oplus \check M\), then there are isomorphisms \(T_M\to D_{\check M}\), \(T_{\check M}\to D_M\) between the tube domains and the period domains. Since the period domain \(D_M\) is a cover of the moduli of \(M\)-polarized K3-surfaces, we can say that the family of \(M\)-polarized K3-surfaces and \(\check M\)-polarized K3-surfaces are mirror families and that the above isomorphisms are the mirror maps exchanging Kähler and complex moduli at the level of period covers. The existence of such a splitting of the transcendental lattice is equivalent to the existence of an elliptic fibration of \(S\) over the projective line (a topological sphere). The key point for relating this construction with the topological approach of SYZ exploits the hyperKähler structure of \(S\); the surface has three complex structures \((I,J,K)\) and one observes that the fibres of the elliptic fibration, being holomorphic with respect to one complex structure, say \(K\), are special Lagrangian submanifolds with respect to some other, say \(I\). The construction of the mirror dual for the particular class of threefolds described above is due to \textit{C. Borcea} [in ``Mirror symmetry. II'', 717-743 (1997)] and \textit{C. Voisin} [in: Journées de géométrie algébrique, Orsay 1992, Astérisque 218, 273-323 (1993; Zbl 0818.14014)] and is more involved. The authors prove that the Borcea-Voisin construction is consistent with the SYZ approach as long as one admits degenerate Kähler-Einstein metrics on \(X\). If \(X\) is one of those threefolds, there exists a degenerate Kähler-Einstein metric \(h\) on \(X\) and a special Lagrangian torus fibration \(\pi: X\to B\) with respect to \(h\) such that the mirror of \(X\) is a compactification of the dual torus fibration \(p_0: X_0\to B_0\), \(B_0\) being the complement of the discriminant locus of \(p\). The mirror map (that is, the explicit description of how to place a complex structure on the dual of a special Lagrangian torus fibration), is described in terms of the Leray spectral sequence associated with the special Lagrangian torus fibration. For K3 surfaces this construction reproduces the former one which was defined at the level of period covers. For Borcea-Voisin Calabi-Yau threefolds this is the first available description of the mirror map. The mirror map for elliptic K3 surfaces at cohomological level has been described by \textit{C. Bartocci, U. Bruzzo, J.M. Muñoz Porras} and \textit{D. Hernández Ruipérez} [Commun. Math. Phys. 195, 79-93 (1998)]. An alternative geometric construction also claimed to be consistent with the SYZ approach is due to \textit{D. R. Morrison} [``The geometry underlying mirror symmetry''].