Log-gases on quadratic lattices via discrete loop equations and q-boxed plane partitions (Q1732308)

This paper shows a detailed study of a general class of log-gas ensembles on (shifted) quadratic lattices. The authors prove that, for empirical measures, the law of large numbers is satisfied and observe global fluctuations in the systems which are Gaussian with a universal covariance. The proposed results are applied to analyze the asymptotic behavior of a model given by \textit{A. Borodin} et al. [Sel. Math., New Ser. 16, No. 4, 731--789 (2010; Zbl 1205.82122)]. It is a \(q\)-boxed plane partition model. The paper shows that a one-dimensional section of a pullback of the two-dimensional Gaussian free field can be used to describe global fluctuations of the height function on a fixed slice. This is based on a \(q\)-analogue of the Schwinger-Dyson formulas. The paper consists of 10 sections. Preliminaries are given in Section 1 where the notion of log-gases is introduced with relation to the \(\beta\)-ensemble as a probability distribution of \(N\)-tuples of ordered real numbers. They exhibit a law of large numbers when \(N\rightarrow\infty\). The \(q\)-Racah tiling model is also introduced which is also a source of (tiling) structures that have practical relation to problems considered in the paper -- its description is given in detail in Section 7. Section 2 gives the general framework of the paper. Section 3 is devoted for the relation between the law of large numbers and proposed empirical measures \(\mu_N\); we have Theorem 3.1.1. Section 4 shows the Nekrasov's equation. Sections 5 and 6 show the proof of Theorem 5.2.7 -- the fluctuations of the empirical measures \(\mu_N\) related to Nekrasov's equation. Sections 7 and 8 are joined together by the \(q\)-Racah tiling model, which in Section 9 is related to the results presented in Section 2. In the last section, the discrete Riemann-Hilbert problems are used to the asymptotic analysis of the Nekrasov's equation for the tiling model.