Entanglement in the family of division fields of elliptic curves with complex multiplication (Q2148924)

For an elliptic curve \(E\) defined over a number field \(F\), entanglement is a step towards an explicit description of the finite-index image of the Galois representation \(\rho_{E/F}: \mathrm{Gal}(F(E_\mathrm{tor})/F) \hookrightarrow \mathrm{GL}_2(\hat{\mathbb{Z}})\) associated to \(E/F\). Entanglement is the study of the image of the decomposition into \(p\)-parts, \(\mathrm{Gal}(F(E_\mathrm{tor})/F) \hookrightarrow \prod_p \mathrm{Gal}(F(E[p^\infty])/F)\). The article under review studies the entanglement of CM elliptic curves \(E/F\), explicitly describing the primes where the Galois group does not neatly decompose in a linearly disjoint manner. The results neatly complement the work of [\textit{F. Campagna} and \textit{P. Stevenhagen}, ``Cyclic reduction of elliptic curves'', Preprint, \url{arXiv:2001.00028}] on non-CM elliptic curves. The main theorem is that, for an elliptic curve \(E/F\) with complex multiplication by an order \(\mathcal{O}\) in an imaginary quadratic number field \(K\), the non-linearly disjoint entanglement occurs at the primes dividing the conductor of \(\mathcal{O}\), the absolute discriminant of \(F/\mathbb{Q}\), the absolute norm of the conductor of \(E\) over \(F\). The article also investigates the special cases when there are linearly disjoint families \(\mathrm{Gal}(F(E[p^\infty])/F)\) for all primes \(p\), and when the order \(\mathcal{O}\) of complex multiplication has class number \(1\). The main result is obtained from understanding the ramification of primes in the division fields \(F(E[p^\infty])\), using the theory of formal groups for elliptic curves and following results by \textit{J. Coates} and \textit{A. Wiles} [Invent. Math. 39, 223--251 (1977; Zbl 0359.14009)] and \textit{ Lozano-Robledo} [Res. Number Theory 2, Paper No. 8, 25 p. (2016; Zbl 1405.11076)]. The authors then undertake a careful study of ray class fields associated to orders in number fields and, in particular, when the division field \(K(j(E)) (E[p^\infty])\) is equal to the ray class field associated to the order \(\mathcal{O}\) of complex multiplication.