Nonabelian Hodge theory in positive characteristic via exponential twisting (Q2355773)

Let \(k\) be a perfect field of positive characteristic and \(X\) a smooth algebraic variety over \(k\). A Higgs sheaf over \(X/k\) is a pair \((E,\theta)\) where \(E\) is a coherent sheaf of \(\mathcal{O}_X\)-modules and \(\theta:E\rightarrow E\otimes\Omega_{X/k}\) an \(\mathcal{O}_X\)-linear morphism satisfying the integrability condition \(\theta\wedge \theta=0\). It is said to be nilpotent of exponent \(\leq n\) if for all local sections \(\partial_1,\dots,\partial_n\) of \(T_{X/k}\) the equality \(\theta(\partial_1)\cdots\theta(\partial_n)=0\) holds. Let \(\text{HIG}(X/k)\) denote the category of Higgs sheaves over \(X/k\) and \(\text{HIG}_n(X/k)\) the full subcategory of nilpotent Higgs sheaves of exponent \(\leq n\). On the other hand a flat sheaf over \(X_k\) is a pair \((H,\nabla)\) with \(H\) a coherent sheaf of \(\mathcal{O}_X\)-modules together with an integrable \(k\)-connection \(\nabla : H\rightarrow H\otimes\Omega_{X/k}\). A flat sheaf \((H,\nabla)\) is said to be nilpotent of exponent \(\leq n\) if for all local sections \(\partial_1,\cdots,\partial_n\) of \(T_{X/k}\) the equality \(\psi(\partial_1)\cdots\psi(\partial_n)=0\) holds, where \(\psi:H\rightarrow H\otimes F_X^*\Omega_{X/k}\) denotes the \(p\)-curvature map. Let \(\text{MIC}_n(X/k)\) denote the full subcategory of niopotent flat sheaves of exponent \(\leq n\). The main result of this paper shows that under the assumption that \(X\) is \(W_2(k)\)-liftable, one can construct a functor \(C_{\text{exp}}^{-1}\) from \(\text{Hig}_p(X/k)\) to \(\text{MIC}_p(X/k)\) and respectively a functor \(C_{\text{exp}}\) in the converse direction, which are equivalent to the inverse Cartier transform \(C^{-1}\) respectively the Cartier transform \(C\) constructed in [\textit{A. Ogus} and \textit{V. Vologodsky}, Publ. Math., Inst. Hautes Étud. Sci. 106, 1--138 (2007; Zbl 1140.14007)].