Analytic aspects of the Tzitzéica equation: blow-up analysis and existence results (Q526948): Difference between revisions

The authors study the blow-up phenomenon of the solutions to the Tzitzeica type equation \[ \Delta u+h_1\,e^u-h_2\,e^{-2\,u}=0, \quad \text{in}\quad B_1\subset \mathbb{R}^2,\tag{1} \] where \(B_1=\{(x_1,x_2)\in \mathbb{R}^2;\,\,x_1^2+x_2^2<1\}\), \(h_1\) and \(h_2\) are some smooth functions. Suppose that \(\{u_k\}\) is a sequence of blow-up solutions to equation (1) only in \(x=0\), i.e. \(\Delta u_k+h_1^k\,e^{u_k}-h_2^k\,e^{-2\,u_k}=0, \quad \text{in}\quad B_1,\) \(\max\limits_{K\subset\subset B_1\setminus\{0\}}\,|u_k|\leq C(K),\,\,\max\limits_{x\in B_1}\,\{|u_k|\}\to \infty\). Suppose also that this sequence has a uniform bounded energy, i.e. \[ \int\limits_{B_1}\,h_1^k\,e^{u_k}\,dx \leq C,\quad\int\limits_{B_1}\,h_2^k\,e^{-2\,u_k}\,dx\leq C, \] where \(C\) is independent of \(k\), and \(h^k_i\) are smooth functions satisfying the conditions \(h_i^k(0)=1\), \( c^{-1}\leq h_i^k(x)\leq c\), \(i=1,2,\,\,x\in B_1\), with some \(c>0\). Under this conditions the authors establish the structure of the local blow-up masses \((\sigma_1,\sigma_2)\), associated to the blow-up sequence of solutions, which are defined by \[ \displaystyle \sigma_1=\lim\limits_{\delta\to 0}\,\lim\limits_{k\to \infty}\,\frac{1}{2\,\pi}\,\int\limits_{B_1}\,h_1^k\,e^{u_k}dx,\quad\sigma_2=\lim\limits_{\delta\to 0}\,\lim\limits_{k\to \infty}\,\frac{1}{2\,\pi}\,\int\limits_{B_1}\,h_2^k\,e^{-2\,u_k}dx. \] Namely, the pair \((\sigma_1,\sigma_2)\) is of one of the two following types: \( \big((2\,m(3\,m-1),(2\,(3\,m-1)(m-1)\big)\,\,\text{or}\,\, \big((2\,m(3\,m-2)(m-1),(2\,(3\,m-5)(m-1)\big) \) for some \(m\in \mathbb{Z}\), excluding the case \((0,0)\). Under similar conditions on the functions \(h_1\) and \(h_2\) it is proved that, for the sequence \(\{u_k\}\) of blow-up solutions to the equation (1) in \(\Omega \subset \mathbb{R}^2\) (\(\Omega\) has a smooth boundary \(\partial\Omega\)) with the Dirichlet condition \(u|_{x\in \partial\Omega}=0\), the blow-up set \(S\) of \(\{u_k\}\) is finite and \(S\bigcap\partial\Omega=\emptyset\). Next, the authors consider the Tzitzeica equation on a surface \(M\): \[ \displaystyle -\Delta u=\frac{\rho_1\,h_1}{\int\limits_{M}\,h_1\,e^{u}\,dV_g}\,e^{u}-\frac{\rho_2\,h_1}{\int\limits_{M}\,h_2\,e^{-2\,u}\,dV_g}\,e^{-2\,u},\tag{2} \] where \(\Delta=\Delta_g\) is the Laplace-Beltrami operator, \(h_1, h_2\) are smooth positive functions, \(\rho_1, \rho_2\) are two positive parameters. \(M\) is a compact orientable surface with positive genus, with no boundary and Riemannian metric \(g\), having volume \(|M|=1\). Using variational methods and proving a sharp Moser-Trudinger inequality related to this problem, the authors establish that for \(\rho_1\not\in 8\,\pi \,\mathbb{N},\, \rho_2\not\in 4\,\pi \,\mathbb{N}\) the equation (2) has a solution.