A Note on Real Subsets of A Recursively Saturated Model

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Let \(L\) be the language of Peano Arithmetic and \(M\) be a countable recursively saturated model of PA. For every \(a\in M\) let \(\sim_ a\) be the equivalence \[ x\sim_ ay\hbox{ iff for all }\varphi(v_ 0,v_ i)\in L,\quad M\models\varphi(x,a) \Leftrightarrow \varphi(y,a). \] The sets \(X\subseteq M\) which consist of whole equivalence classes with respect to some \(\sim_ a\) are called real. The nonreal sets are called imaginary. It is shown that all usual sorts of objects whose construction in \(M\) need some kind of choice are imaginary. Namely: a) nontrivial automorphisms of \(M\), b) well-orderings of \(M\), c) bijections between coded subsets of \(M\) of ``very different internal cardinalities, and d) nontrivial ultrafilters, are imaginary subsets of \(M\). An open problem concerning ultrafilters is also stated.











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