A characterization of the class of partial isometries
Theory of matrix inversion and generalized inverses (15A09) General (adjoints, conjugates, products, inverses, domains, ranges, etc.) (47A05) Norms (inequalities, more than one norm, etc.) of linear operators (47A30) Hermitian and normal operators (spectral measures, functional calculus, etc.) (47B15)
Let \(S\) be a self-adjoint invertible operator acting on a Hilbert space. The Corach-Porta-Recht inequality states that \(\|SXS^{-1} + S^{-1}XS\| \geq 2\|X\|\) holds true for every bounded linear operator~\(X\). Several authors have considered the case of equality and, more generally, characterized subclasses of normal operators by inequalities or equalities in the spirit of the Corach-Porta-Recht inequality. The following is part of the main result of this paper. Suppose that \(S\) is a closed range operator such that the range of the adjoint \(S^{\ast}\) is the range of \(S\). Denote by \(P\) the orthogonal projection onto the range of \(S\). Then \(S\) is a nonzero real multiple of a normal partial isometry if and only if \(\|S^{\ast}XS^{+} + S^{+}XS^{\ast}\| = 2\|PXP\|\) for all \(X\), if and only if \(\|S^{\ast}\oplus S^{+} + S^{+}\oplus S^{\ast}\|_{\lambda} = 2\). Here, \(S^{+}\) is the Moore-Penrose inverse of \(S\) and \(\|\cdot\|_{\lambda}\) denotes the injective norm on the tensor product.
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