A class of free rotation groups
Axiom of choice and related propositions (03E25) Free nonabelian groups (20E05) Generators, relations, and presentations of groups (20F05) Other geometric groups, including crystallographic groups (20H15) Discrete subgroups of Lie groups (22E40) Length, area, volume, other geometric measure theory (28A75) Orthogonal and unitary groups in metric geometry (51F25)
The following theorem was announced by the author in 1958: if \(\cos \varphi \in \mathbb{Q}\) then the subgroup of \(\text{SO}_ 3(\mathbb{R})\) generated by two rotations about the angle \(\varphi\), with rotation axes perpendicular to each other is free if \(\cos \varphi \neq 0\), \(\pm{1\over 2},\pm 1\). The present paper contains the proof of this theorem. As a consequence two-generated free subgroups of \(\text{SO}_ 3 (\mathbb{Q})\) are constructed. Such a group is of interest, as it can be employed to construct paradoxical decompositions of the rational sphere \(S^ 2 \cap \mathbb{Q}^ 3\) without assuming the Axiom of Choice [\textit{S. Wagon}, The Banach-Tarski paradox (Encycl. Math. Appl. 24, Cambridge 1985; Zbl 0569.43001)]. Another consequence of the above theorem is also noteworthy. Let \(\cos(\pi \mathbb{Q}) = \{\cos (\pi x) : x \in \mathbb{Q}\}\) and let \(\sin (\pi \mathbb{Q})\) and \(\tan (\pi \mathbb{Q})\) be defined similarly. Then 1. \(\mathbb{Q} \cap \cos (\pi \mathbb{Q}) = \mathbb{Q} \cap \sin (\pi \mathbb{Q}) = \{0, {1\over 2}, \pm 1\}\). 2. \(\mathbb{Q} \cap \tan (\pi \mathbb{Q}) = \{0, \pm 1\}\). The last result was obtained independently by P. Walker.
- A free group acting without fixed points on the rational unit sphere
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- On 2-Generator Subgroups of SO(3)
- scientific article; zbMATH DE number 2066152 (Why is no real title available?)
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- A subgroup of \(\text{SO}(3,\mathbb{R})\) generated by rotations of orders 4 and 8.
- Reachability problems in quaternion matrix and rotation semigroups
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