A contramodule generalization of Neeman's flat and projective module theorem
\textit{D. J. Benson} and \textit{K. R. Goodearl} [Pac. J. Math. 196, No. 1, 45--67 (2000; Zbl 1073.20500), Theorem 2.5] established the \textit{flat and projective periodicity theorem} claiming that, in the context of modules over an arbitrary ring \(R\), if\N\[\N0\longrightarrow F\longrightarrow P\longrightarrow F\longrightarrow 0\N\]\Nis a short exact sequence with a flat module \(F\) and a projective module \(P\), then the module \(F\) is actually projective. \textit{A. Neeman} [Invent. Math. 174, No. 2, 255--308 (2008; Zbl 1184.18008), Remark 2.15] established a much stronger result. \textit{S. Bazzoni} et al. [Algebr. Represent. Theory 23, No. 5, 1861--1883 (2020; Zbl 1455.16006), Theorem 1.2, Proposition 4.8 or Theorem 5.1] established the \textit{cotorsion periodicity theorem} claiming that if\N\[\N0\longrightarrow M\longrightarrow C\longrightarrow M\longrightarrow 0\N\]\Nis a short exact sequence of \(R\)-modules and the \(R\)-module \(C\) is cotorsion, then the \(R\)-module \(M\)is cotorsion, too.\N\NThis paper establishes the following generalization of the theorems of Neeman and of Bazzoni, Cortés-Izurdiaga and Estrada.\N\NTheorem. Let \(\mathfrak{R}\) be a complete, separated topological ring with a countable base of neighborhoods of zero consisting of open two-sided ideals. Let \(\mathfrak{F}^{\cdot}\)\ be a complex of flat left \(\mathfrak{R}\)-contramodules. Then the following six conditions are equivalent:\N\N\begin{itemize}\N\item[1.] for every complex of projective left \(\mathfrak{R}\)-contramodules \(\mathfrak{P}^{\cdot}\), any morphism of complexes of \(\mathfrak{R}\)-contramodules \(\longrightarrow\)\ is homotopic to zero;\N\item[2.] \(\mathfrak{F}^{\cdot}\) is an acyclic complex of \(\mathfrak{R}\)-contramodules with flat \(\mathfrak{R}\)-contramodules of cocycles;\N\item[3.] \(\mathfrak{F}^{\cdot}\) can be obtained from contractible complexes of flat \(\mathfrak{R}\)-contramodules using extensions and directed limits;\N\item[4.] \(\mathfrak{F}^{\cdot}\) is an \(\aleph_{1}\)-directed colimit of total complexes of short exact sequences of complexes of countably presentable flat \(\mathfrak{R}\)-contramodules;\N\item[5.] for every complex of cotorsion left \(\mathfrak{R}\)-contramodules \(\mathfrak{C}^{\cdot}\), any morphism of complexes of \(\mathfrak{R}\)-contramodules \(\mathfrak{F}^{\cdot}\longrightarrow\mathfrak{C}^{\cdot}\) is homotopic to zero;\N\item[6.] for every complex of flat cotorsion left \(\mathfrak{R}\)-contramodules \(\mathfrak{G}^{\cdot}\), any morphism of complexes of \(\mathfrak{R}\)-contramodules \(\mathfrak{F}^{\cdot}\longrightarrow\mathfrak{G}^{\cdot}\) is homotopic to zero.\N\end{itemize}\NThe equivalence of the three conditions\N\[\N2\iff 3\iff 4\N\]\Nhas already been established in [\textit{L. Positselski}, J. Homotopy Relat. Struct. 19, No. 4, 635--678 (2024; Zbl 1560.18008), Theorem 13.2].\N\NThe synopsis of the paper goes as follows:\N\begin{itemize}\N\item[Part 1]\N\item[\S 1--\S 4] present the preliminary material.\N\item[\S 5 \& \S 6] establish contramodule versions of results related to the flat/projective periodicity theorem of Benson, Goodearl and Neeman.\N\item[Part 2]\N\item[\S 7] spells out additional preliminaries for the second part.\N\item[\S 8--\S 10] establish contramodule versions of results related to the cotorsion periodicity theorem of Bazzoni, Cortés-Izurdiaga and Estrada.\N\item[Conclusion]\N\item[\S 11] summarizes the main results obtained in the preceding sections.\N\end{itemize}
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