A countable Teichmüller modular group

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Let \(R\) be a hyperbolic Riemann surface, that is, it is represented as a quotient space \(\mathbb H^2/\Gamma\) of the hyperbolic plane \(\mathbb H^2\) by a torsion free Fuchsian group \(\Gamma\). The author constructs an example of a Riemann surface of infinite topological type for which the Teichmüller modular group has only a countable number of elements. The necessary conditions for \(R\) to have this property, is the following. If \(\text{Mod}(R)\) is countable, then \(R\) satisfies the following conditions: (1) The number of simple closed geodesies on \(R\) whose lengths are uniformly bounded is finite. (2) \(R\) has no ideal boundary at infinity, that is, the corresponding Fuchsian group \(\Gamma\) is of the first kind. The author constructs a Riemann surface \(R\) that satisfies these two conditions. For an analytically finite Riemann surface, its Teichmüller space is finite dimensional and the Teichmüller modular group is finitely generated, in particular countable. Hence the example proves the existence of an infinite-dimensional Teichmüller space that has a nature of finite dimension regarding the cardinality of the modular group. This answers a problem raised by \textit{A. Epstein} [Contemp. Math. 256, 69--74 (2000; Zbl 0964.30026)]. Distinguished properties which the Teichmüller space of this Riemann surface possesses are also considered.











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