A counterexample on multiple convergence without commutativity
While there are many non-conventional ergodic theorems for pairs of measure-preserving transformations under some constraint on the (semi)-group they generate (notably, under the assumption that they commute) the situation is different for the convergence of ergodic averages of the form \((1/N)\sum_{n=0}^{N-1}f(T^{p_1(n)}x)g(S^{p_2(n)}x)\) for measure-preserving transformations \(S,T\) and polynomials \(p_1,p_2\in\mathbb{Z}[t]\) without any such assumption. \textit{N. Frantzikinakis} und \textit{B. Gastgeber} [J. Lond. Mathe. Soc., II. Ser. 107, Nr. 5, 1635--1659 (2023; Zbl 1528.37002)] showed that if \(T\) has zero entropy, \(p_1(n)=n\), and \(p_2\) is a polynomial of degree at least \(2\) then the averages converge in \(L^2\) for \(f,g\in L^{\infty}\). The main result here is that even if both \(T\) and \(S\) have zero entropy the limit does not in general exist in \(L^2\) for \(p_1(n)=p_2(n)=n\). As the authors point out, a similar counterexample was obtained using a different approach by \textit{T. Austin} [Proc. Am. Mathe. Soc. 153, Nr. 4, 1701--1707 (2025; Zbl 1567.37006)], and other approaches have been used by \textit{V. V. Ryzhikov} [``Non-commuting transformations with non-converging 2-fold ergodic averages, Preprint, \url{arXiv:2407.13741}] to the same end.
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