A density tensor hierarchy for open system dynamics: retrieving the noise

DOI10.1088/1751-8113/40/30/020MaRDI QIDQ5757563zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Stephen L. Adler

Publication date 7 September 2007

Published in Journal of Physics A: Mathematical and Theoretical (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/0704.0796

zbMATH Keywords

density tensor hierarchyopen system dynamicsreduced density matrix

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Quantum stochastic calculus (81S25) Quantum optics (81V80)

Abstract: We introduce a density tensor hierarchy for open system dynamics, that recovers information about fluctuations lost in passing to the reduced density matrix. For the case of fluctuations arising from a classical probability distribution, the hierarchy is formed from expectations of products of pure state density matrix elements, and can be compactly summarized by a simple generating function. For the case of quantum fluctuations arising when a quantum system interacts with a quantum environment in an overall pure state, the corresponding hierarchy is defined as the environmental trace of products of system matrix elements of the full density matrix. Only the lowest member of the quantum noise hierarchy is directly experimentally measurable. The unit trace and idempotence properties of the pure state density matrix imply descent relations for the tensor hierarchies, that relate the order $n$ tensor, under contraction of appropriate pairs of tensor indices, to the order $n-1$ tensor. As examples to illustrate the classical probability distribution formalism, we consider a quantum system evolving by It^o stochastic and by jump process Schr"odinger equations. As examples to illustrate the corresponding trace formalism in the quantum fluctuation case, we consider collisional Brownian motion of an infinite mass Brownian particle, and the weak coupling Born-Markov master equation. In different specializations, the latter gives the hierarchies generalizing the quantum optical master equation and the Caldeira--Leggett master equation. As a further application of the density tensor, we contrast stochastic Schr"odinger equations that reduce and that do not reduce the state vector, and discuss why a quantum system coupled to a quantum environment behaves like the latter.

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Cited in

(5)

• The curious nonexistence of Gaussian 2-designs
• Hierarchical equations for open system dynamics in fermionic and bosonic environments
• On the long time behavior of free stochastic Schrödinger evolutions
• Quantum States of Hierarchic Systems
• Quantum Dynamics of System Strongly Coupled to Low-Temperature Colored Noise Bath: Reduced Hierarchy Equations Approach

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