A first order in time wave equation modeling nonlinear acoustics

DOI10.1016/J.JMAA.2024.128933MaRDI QIDQ7031709zbMATH OpenFDO

Authors Barbara Kaltenbacher, Pascal Lehner

Publication date 6 February 2025

Published in Journal of Mathematical Analysis and Applications (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JMAA.2024.128933

discontinuous Galerkin method global-in-time solution nonlinear acoustics semigroup of contractions well-posedness

Existence problems for PDEs: global existence, local existence, non-existence (35A01) Uniqueness problems for PDEs: global uniqueness, local uniqueness, non-uniqueness (35A02) Perturbations in context of PDEs (35B20) Asymptotic behavior of solutions to PDEs (35B40) Smoothness and regularity of solutions to PDEs (35B65) PDEs in connection with fluid mechanics (35Q35) Finite element, Rayleigh-Ritz and Galerkin methods for initial value and initial-boundary value problems involving PDEs (65M60) Hydro- and aero-acoustics (76Q05) Diffusive and convective heat and mass transfer, heat flow (80A19)

Review text

The authors consider the Navier-Stokes-Fourier system that describes the motion of a viscous and heat conducting fluid: \(\partial_{t}\rho +\nabla \cdot (\rho v)=h\), \(\rho \lbrack \partial_{t}v+(v\cdot \nabla)v]=-\nabla p+\mu_{S}\Delta v+(\frac{\mu_{S}}{3}+\mu_{B})\nabla (\nabla \cdot v)+g\), \(\rho \theta \lbrack \partial_{t}s+(v\cdot \nabla)s]=\kappa \Delta \theta + \frac{\mu_{S}}{2}(\sum_{i,j,k}\partial_{x_{j}}v_{i}+\partial_{x_{i}}v_{j}- \frac{2}{3}\delta_{ij}\partial_{x_{k}}v_{k})+\mu_{B}(\nabla \cdot v)^{2}+\ell\), where \(\rho\) is the mass density, \(v\) the velocity field, \(S\) the entropy, \(p\) the pressure, \(\theta\) the temperature of the acoustic medium, \(\delta_{ij}\) the Kronecker-Delta. symbol, \(\mu_{S}\) the shear viscosity, \(\mu_{B}\) the bulk viscosity, and \(\kappa\) the thermal conductivity.\ The initial conditions \(v_{0}=0\), \(\partial_{t}\rho_{0}=\partial_{t}s_{0}=\partial_{t}p_{0}=\partial_{t}\theta_{0}=0\), \(\nabla \rho_{0}=\nabla s_{0}=\nabla p_{0}=\nabla \theta_{0}=0\) are imposed. \N\NThe authors consider sound waves with small amplitude that travel through some medium and they suppose that the Mach number \(\varepsilon\) and acoustic Reynolds number \(\eta\) are small.\ They perform a change of variables in the preceding system and introduce a linear perturbation in terms of the Mach number in every unknown, leading to dimensionless equation.\ They finally introduce a linear approximation ending with the system: \(\partial_{t^{\prime}}p^{\prime}+\nabla^{\prime}\cdot v^{\prime}=0\), \(\partial_{t^{\prime}}v^{\prime}+\nabla^{\prime}p^{\prime}=0\), \(\partial_{t^{\prime}}s^{\prime}=0\), \(\rho^{\prime}=p^{\prime}-s^{\prime}\), \(\theta^{\prime}=p^{\prime}+\frac{s^{\prime}}{\gamma -1}\), up to \(O(\varepsilon, \eta)\) terms, where \(\gamma\) denotes the heat capacity ratio. They also introduce a quadratic approximation and end with the system: \(\partial_{t}p-\mu \Delta p+(1+\gamma)\nabla \cdot v+\varepsilon_{1}p\nabla \cdot v+\varepsilon_{2}\nabla p\cdot v=h\), \(\partial_{t}v-\eta \Delta v+(1+\delta)\nabla p-\frac{\varepsilon^{3}}{2} \nabla p^{2}+\frac{\varepsilon^{4}}{2}\nabla v^{2}=g\), posed in \(\Omega \times (0,T)\), where \(\Omega\) is a bounded \(C^{1,1}\)-regular domain in \(\mathbb{R}^{d}\), \(d=2,3\) and \(T\) is finite. The initial conditions \(p(0)=p_{0}\), \(v(0)=v_{0}\) and the boundary conditions \(p=0\), \(v=0\) are imposed on \(\partial \Omega\). \N\NThe authors prove the following existence and uniqueness result: there exist positive \(r,\widetilde{r}\) (small enough) and positive \(C_{G}\) independent of \(T\) such that for each \(u_{\ast}\in B_{r}^{X}(0)\), \((f,u_{0})\in Y=L^{2}(T;(L^{2})^{n})\times (H_{0}^{1})^{n}\) and \(\gamma, \delta \in B_{r}^{L^{\infty}}\), there exists a unique \(u\in X=H^{1}(T;(L^{2})^{n})\cap L^{2}(T;(H^{2}\cap H_{0}^{1})^{n})\cap L^{\infty}(T;(H^{1})^{n})\), with \(\mathcal{F}_{u_{\ast}}^{\prime}[u]=(f,u_{0})\), \(\mathcal{F}_{u_{\ast}}^{\prime}\) being the Fréchet derivative at \(u_{\ast}\in X\) of the operator \(\mathcal{F}:X\rightarrow Y\) associated with the above equations and initial conditions.\ Moreover \(u\) satisfies the a priori estimate \(\left\Vert u\right\Vert_{X}\leq C_{G}\left\Vert (f,u_{0})\right\Vert_{Y}\). For the proof, the authors use the Galerkin approximation method and they prove uniform estimates on the sequence of approximate solutions, using Newton-Kantorovich theorem. The second main result proves the existence of a global-in-time solution and an exponential decay of this solution, under further hypotheses on the data. They finally consider the limit problem \(\partial_{t}p-\mu \Delta p+\nabla \cdot v=f\), \(\partial_{t}v-\eta \Delta v+\nabla p=g\), that they write in an abstract way as: \(u^{\prime}(t)=\mathbb{A}_{0}u(t)\). They decompose the operator \(\mathbb{A}_{0}\) into a skew adjoint and a self-adjoint positive definite part. They prove that \(\mathbb{A}_{0}\) is the infinitesimal generator of a contraction semigroup which is analytic and exponentially stable.

Cites work

Cited in

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Finite-time output feedback stabilization of a nonlocal wave equation
Well-posedness, long-time behavior, and discretization of some models of nonlinear acoustics in velocity-enthalpy formulation
Well-posedness of a first-order-in-time model for nonlinear acoustics with nonhomogeneous boundary conditions
Finite-time backstepping control for a class of unstable wave equations via output feedback

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