A memo on the exponential function and regular points

DOI10.1007/BF01199011MaRDI QIDQ1203536zbMATH OpenFDO

Publication date 10 February 1993

Published in Archiv der Mathematik (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01199011

Cartan algebra connected real Lie group exponential function foliation Grassmann manifold Lie algebra regular points

General properties and structure of real Lie groups (22E15) Nilpotent and solvable Lie groups (22E25) Lie algebras of Lie groups (22E60) Foliations (differential geometric aspects) (53C12)

Review text

Let \(G\) denote a connected real Lie group with Lie algebra \(\mathfrak g\) and \(U = \text{Reg}(G)\) the open dense subset of regular points. Theorem. (i) \(U \cap \exp {\mathfrak g}\) is closed in \(U\). (ii) \(\overline{\exp{\mathfrak g}} \subseteq (\exp {\mathfrak g}) \cup (G\setminus U)\). (iii) \(U \cap \exp {\mathfrak g} = \exp(\text{Reg}({\mathfrak g}) \cap \text{reg}\exp)\), where \(\text{Reg}({\mathfrak g})\) is the set of regular points of the Lie algebra \(\mathfrak g\) and \(\text{reg}\exp\) is the set of points of \(\mathfrak g\) at which the exponential function is nonsingular. -- We conclude that the exponential function has dense image in \(G\) if and only if it contains \(U\). In the process of proving these results we prove a foliation theorem for \(U\) which allows us a good understanding of the function which associates with an element \(g\in U\) the Cartan algebra \({\mathfrak h}(g)\), the nilspace of \(\text{Ad}(g)-1\). We operate in the Grassmann manifold containing the Cartan algebra of \(\mathfrak g\) and the compact space of all closed subgroups of \(G\).

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