A mountain pass theorem for a suitable class of functions
critical pointsmountain pass theoremPalais-Smale conditionthree solutionstwo-point boundary value problem
Nonlinear boundary value problems for ordinary differential equations (34B15) Variational methods involving nonlinear operators (47J30) Variational inequalities (49J40) Abstract critical point theory (Morse theory, Lyusternik-Shnirel'man theory, etc.) in infinite-dimensional spaces (58E05) Variational principles in infinite-dimensional spaces (58E30)
In this article, a mountain pass theorem is obtained for a functional of the form \(J=\Phi-\Psi\) defined on a reflexive real Banach space, where \(\Phi\) and \(\Psi\) are continuously Gâteau differentiable functions, \(\Phi\) is convex, and \(J_M = \Phi-\Psi_M\) satisfies the Palais--Smale condition (PS)\(_c\) with \(\Psi_M\) the cut-off function at a suitable constant \(M\). This mountain pass theorem is combined to a result on the existence and localization of two local minima of \(J\) [\textit{G.\,Bonanno}, J.~Math.\ Anal.\ Appl.\ 299, No.\,2, 600--614 (2004; Zbl 1071.34015)] to deduce a three critical points result without assuming the coercivity of \(J\). This result is then applied to obtain the existence of three nonnegative solutions of two-point boundary value problems with no asymptotic conditions.
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