A multivariate Gnedenko law of large numbers

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Abstract: We show that the convex hull of a large i.i.d. sample from an absolutely continuous log-concave distribution approximates a predetermined convex body in the logarithmic Hausdorff distance and in the Banach-Mazur distance. For log-concave distributions that decay super-exponentially, we also have approximation in the Hausdorff distance. These results are multivariate versions of the Gnedenko law of large numbers, which guarantees concentration of the maximum and minimum in the one-dimensional case. We provide quantitative bounds in terms of the number of points and the dimension of the ambient space.


The Gnedenko law of large numbers describes the concentration behavior of the maximum and minimum of i.i.d. real random variables \(x_1,\dots,x_n\), as \(n\to\infty\), under assumptions on the regularity and decay of the distribution function of the \(x_i\). Here, the author investigates multivariate extensions of this classical result.NEWLINENEWLINEStarting with a log-concave distribution \(\mu\) with density function \(f\) in \({\mathbb R}^d\), i.i.d. random vectors \(x_1,\dots, x_n\) with distribution \(\mu\) are used to build the random polytope \(P_n=\) conv\(\{x_1,\dots ,x_n\}\). It is shown that, with high probability, \(P_n\) approximates the floating body \(H_{1/n}\) of \(\mu\). In fact, explicit bounds for \(n\) and the probability are given which allow the (essentially optimal) upper bound \(1+c \log\log n/\log n\) for the logarithmic Hausdorff distance between \(P_n\) and \(H_{1/n}\). Under a stronger condition on \(\mu\) (\(p\)-log-concavity, with \(p>1\)), the bound \(c \log\log n/(\log n)^{1-1/p}\) is established for the (ordinary) Hausdorff metric \(d_{\mathcal H}(P_n,F_{1/n})\). The results are used to show the existence of a probability measure \(\mu\) such that, with probability 1, the corresponding sequence \(P_{d+1},P_{d+2},\dots\) of random polytopes lies dense with respect to the Banach-Mazur distance in the class \({\mathcal K}_d\) of all convex bodies in \({\mathbb R}^d\).NEWLINENEWLINEThe floating body \(F_\delta\) of \(\mu\) is the intersection of all closed half-spaces \(H\subset{\mathbb R}^d\) such that \(\mu(H)\geq 1-\delta\). If \(\mu\) is the uniform distribution on a convex body \(K\), this notion coincides with the floating body of \(K\) which has been widely used in convex geometry.











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