A new angular momentum method for computing wave maps into spheres

DOI10.1137/130948823MaRDI QIDQ2927846zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Trygve K. Karper, Franziska Weber

Publication date 4 November 2014

Published in SIAM Journal on Numerical Analysis (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1312.3257

zbMATH Keywords

angular momentumconstrained wave equationconvergencefinite differencesLagrange multipliernonlinearstructure preservingwave map

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Wave equation (35L05) Second-order nonlinear hyperbolic equations (35L70) Finite difference methods for initial value and initial-boundary value problems involving PDEs (65M06) Stability and convergence of numerical methods for initial value and initial-boundary value problems involving PDEs (65M12)

Abstract: In this paper, we present and analyze a new finite difference method for computing three dimensional wave maps into spheres. By introducing the angular momentum as an auxiliary variable, we recast the governing equation as a first order system. For this new system, we propose a discretization that conserves both the energy and the length constraint. The new method is also fast requiring only $NlogN$ operations at each time step. Our main result is that the method converges to a weak solution as discretization parameters go to zero. The paper is concluded by numerical experiments demonstrating convergence of the method and its ability to predict finite time blow-up.

Review text

The purpose of the paper is to develop a new numerical method for computing the solution of a constrained wave equation \(d_{tt} - \Delta d = \gamma d\), \(|d|=1\), defined on a unit box or the torus \(\mathbb{T}^n\), \(n=2,3\). Here \(\gamma\) is a Lagrange multiplier enforcing the constraint \(|d|=1\). This problem is highly nonlinear and their solutions are not smooth. By introducing the angular momentum, the previous wave equation is rewritten as a first-order system which does not require the Lagrange multiplier \(\gamma\). Then, a particular discretization using forward differences in time is proposed that preserves both the energy and the constraint \(|d|=1\). The discretization in space uses a standard central difference approximation of the Laplacian on a regular grid.NEWLINENEWLINEThe resulting numerical scheme is nonlinear and implicit, so that it requires a fixed point solver for its actual implementation. It is shown how this solver can be constructed with the required properties using only \(N \log N\) operations, \(N\) being the number of degrees of freedom of \(d\). This angular momentum method converges to a weak solution of the continuous problem as discretization parameters go to zero.

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• Finite Element Approximations of Wave Maps into Spheres
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