A new method for solving algebraic systems of positive dimension

DOI10.1016/0166-218X(91)90113-BMaRDI QIDQ1180160zbMATH OpenFDO

Publication date 27 June 1992

Published in Discrete Applied Mathematics (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://doi.org/10.1016/0166-218X(91)90113-B

algebraic system associated triangular set computing numerically the common zeros of a prime ideal Gröbner base leading coefficient

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Gröbner bases; other bases for ideals and modules (e.g., Janet and border bases) (13P10) Numerical computation of solutions to systems of equations (65H10) Symbolic computation and algebraic computation (68W30)

Review text

Let \(R_ 0\) be a domain with the field of fractions \(K_ 0\) and let \(S_ 0\) be a multiplicative set of \(R_ 0\). For a natural number \(n\), let \(R_ n=R_ 0[X_ 1,\ldots,X_ n]\) and \(P_ n=K_ 0[X_ 1,\ldots,X_ n]\). An algebraic system is a finite set \(E=\{e_ 1,\ldots,e_ k\}\) of \(R_ n\). To each prime ideal \(I\) in \(P_ n\), let \(I_ i=I\cap R_ i\), \(A_ i=R_ i/I_ i\) and \(K_ i\) the field of fractions of \(A_ i\). Then the set of fields \(K_ 0,\ldots,K_ n\) is called the tower associated with the prime ideal \(I\). If \(f\in R_ i\backslash R_{i-1}\), the main variable of \(f\) is defined to be \(X_ i\) and its index to be \(i\). Further, the degree of \(f\) means its degree in \(X_ i\) and the leading coefficient is its coefficient in \(R_{i-1}\) of the highest power of \(X_ i\). The corresponding functions are denoted respectively by main(\(f\)), index(\(f\)), \(\deg(f)\), lc(\(f\)). Using this terminology, the author defines: Definition 3.2. A triangular set in \(R_ n\) is a list of non-constant polynomials \((f_ 1,\ldots,f_ k)\) in \(R_ n\) satisfying the following for \(i=1,\ldots,k\): (1) [weak triangular] \(\text{index}(f_ j)<\text{index}(f_ i)\) for \(j<i\); then inductively, let \(K_ j=K_{j-1}[X_ j]/(f_ i)\) if \(\text{index}(f_ i)=j\) and \(qf(K_{j-1}[X_ j])\) (the total quotient ring) otherwise: (2) [reduced] the degree of \(f_ i\) in main\((f_ j)\) is strictly less than \(\deg(f_ j)\) for \(j=1,\ldots,i-1\); (3) [normalized] \(\text{index(lc}^ h(f_ i))\notin \{\text{index}(f_ 1),\ldots,\text{index}(f_{i-1})\}\) for any \(h>0\); (4) [\(R_ 0\)-normalized] if \(\text{lc}^ h(f_ i))\in R_ 0\), then \(\text{lc}^ h(f_ i))\in S_ 0\); (5) [square-free] the resultant of \(f_ i\) and its derivative with respect to \(\text{main}(f_ i)\) is invertible in \(K_{j-1}\), where \(j=\text{index}(f_ i)\); (6) [primitive] the coefficients of \(f_ i\) viewed as a multivariate polynomial over \(K_{j-1}[X_ j]\) generate the unit ideal of \(K_{j- 1}[X_ j]\) for all \(j<\text{index}(f_ i)\). And, the author remarks: Proposition 3.3. Let \(I\) be a prime ideal, and \(K_ 0,\ldots,K_ n\) the associated tower; if \(K_ i\) is algebraic over \(K_{i-1}\), the minimal polynomial of \(x_ i\) over \(K_{i-1}\) may be chosen in \(R_ i\) such that the set of these polynomials forms a triangular set. There is exactly one such choice. Proposition 3.4. Let \(f_ 1,\ldots,f_ k\) be a triangular set, \(h=\text{lc}(f_ 1)\cdots\text{lc}(f_ k)\) and let \(I=\{p\in P_ n\mid h^ ep\in(f_ 1,\ldots,f_ k)\}\). Then if the triangular system is associated with a prime ideal \(J\), we have \(I=J\). Corollary 3.5. The set of generators of the ideal \(I\) above is computable from the triangular set. Then the author shows how to compute numerically the common zeros of a given prime ideal, using the associated triangular set.

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