A new way of constructing examples in operator ergodic theory
Let \(T\) be a bounded linear operator on a complex Banach space \(X\) and define \[ A_n(T)={1\over n+1}\sum_{k=0}^n T^k. \] Let \(\mathcal X=X\oplus X\) and \[ \mathcal T=\begin{pmatrix} T&T-I\\ O&T\end{pmatrix}. \] Then one gets: Lemma 2.1. (1) \(\sigma(T)=\sigma(\mathcal T)\); (2) \(\lim_{n\to\infty}{1\over n}||\mathcal T^n||=0\) if and only if \(\lim_{n\to\infty}||T^n-T^{n+1}||=0\); (3) \(\sup_{n\geq1}||A_n(\mathcal T)||<\infty\) if and only if \(\sup_{n\geq1}||T^n||<\infty\); (4) \(A_n(\mathcal T)\) converges strongly if and only if \(T^n\) converges strongly; (5) \(A_n(\mathcal T)\) converges weakly if and only if \(T^n\) converges weakly; (6) \(\sup_{n\geq0}||\mathcal T^n||<\infty\) if and only if \(T\) satisfies the Ritt condition: \(||R(\lambda,T)||\leq C/|\lambda-1|\) with some \(C\); (7) \(\lim_{n\to\infty}||\mathcal T^n(\mathcal T-I)^m||=0\) if and only if \(\lim_{n\to\infty}||T^n(T-I)^m||=0\) and \(\lim_{n\to\infty}n||T^n(T-I)^{m+1}||=0\); (8) \(\mathcal T\) satisfies the Ritt condition if and only if \(T\) satisfies the Ritt condition. Using this lemma, one can construct various examples \(\mathcal T\in\L(\mathcal X)\). Example 3.1. (1) \(A_n(\mathcal T)\) converges strongly; (2) \(A_n(\mathcal T^*)\) does not converge strongly; (3) \(||\mathcal T^n||\geq2n\) for all \(n\). Example 3.3. (1) both \(A_n(\mathcal T)\) and \(A_n(\mathcal T^*)\) converges weakly; (2) neither \(A_n(\mathcal T)\), nor \(A_n(\mathcal T^*)\) converges strongly; (3) \(||\mathcal T^n||\geq2n\) for all \(n\). Example 3.5. \(A_n(\mathcal T)\) converges strongly; \(\lim_{n\to\infty}||A_n(\mathcal T^2)||=\infty\). Example 3.7. \(\sup_{m,n}{1\over|m|+|n|}||\sum_{k=n}^m\mathcal T^k||<\infty\); \(||\mathcal T^n||\geq2n\) for all \(n\). One can also construct a counterexample of the Esterle-Katznelson-Tzafriri theorem if the power boundedness assumption is replaced by Cesàro boundedness and strict sublinear growth: Example 4.1. There exist a Hilbert space \(X\) and \(T\in\L(X)\) such that \(\sigma(T)\cap\{\lambda\in C\colon|\lambda|=1\}=\{1\}\); \(\lim_{n\to\infty}{1\over n}||T^n||=0\); \(\sup_{n\geq0}||A_n(T)||<\infty\); \(\lim_{n\to\infty}||T^n(T-I)^m||=\infty\). Example 4.6. There exists a Banach space \(\mathcal X\) and a bounded linear operator \(T\) on \(\mathcal X\) such that \(\sigma(\mathcal T)=\{1\}\); \(\lim_{n\to\infty}{1\over n}||\mathcal T^n||=0\); \(\lim_{n\to\infty}||\mathcal T^n(\mathcal T-I)||=\infty\). Example 4.8. There exists a Banach space \(\mathcal X\) and \(\mathcal T\in\L(\mathcal X)\) such that \(\sigma(\mathcal T)=\{1\}\); \(\lim_{n\to\infty}{1\over n}||A_n(\mathcal T)||=0\); \(\lim_{n\to\infty}{1\over n}||\mathcal T^n||=\infty\).
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